The dictator Kagame at UN

The dictator Kagame at UN
Dictators like Kagame who have changed their national constitutions to remain indefinitely on power should not be involved in UN high level and global activities including chairing UN meetings

Why has the UN ignored its own report about the massacres of Hutu refugees in DRC ?

The UN has ignored its own reports, NGOs and media reports about the massacres of hundreds of thousands of Hutu in DRC Congo (estimated to be more than 400,000) by Kagame when he attacked Hutu refugee camps in Eastern DRC in 1996. This barbaric killings and human rights violations were perpetrated by Kagame’s RPF with the approval of UK and USA and with sympathetic understanding and knowledge of UNHCR and international NGOs which were operating in the refugees camps. According to the UN, NGO and media reports between 1993 and 2003 women and girls were raped. Men slaughtered. Refugees killed with machetes and sticks. The attacks of refugees also prevented humanitarian organisations to help many other refugees and were forced to die from cholera and other diseases. Other refugees who tried to return to Rwanda where killed on their way by RFI and did not reach their homes. No media, no UNHCR, no NGO were there to witness these massacres. When Kagame plans to kill, he makes sure no NGO and no media are prevent. Kagame always kills at night.

2 Jun 2014

[RwandaLibre] Inside the UN Security Council: April-July 1994. United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Czech Republic Declassified Documents Reveal New Perspectives on United Nations Security Council Debates on Rwanda in April 1994

 


Inside the UN Security Council: April–July 1994

United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Czech Republic Declassified Documents Reveal New Perspectives on United Nations Security Council Debates on Rwanda in April 1994

National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 472

June 2, 2014

Edited by Michael Dobbs

For more information contact:
202/994-7000 or nsarchiv@gwu.edu

EXPERT OPINION

The United Nations Security Council in Rwanda
By Michael Barnett, the George Washington University, June 1, 2014

 

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Washington, DC, June 2, 2014 – Newly-declassified reporting from 1994 by key members of the United Nations Security Council provides a previously unavailable day-by-day narrative of the international response to the Rwandan genocide, including the fateful decision to withdraw UN peacekeepers from the country at the height of the killing.

The National Security Archive at The George Washington University and the Center for the Prevention of Genocide at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum are publishing a selection of the revealing cables on their Web sites today and tomorrow. The posting is the eighth in a series by the "#Rwanda20yrs" project, a partnership between the Archive and the Center to mark the twentieth anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda.

The diplomatic cables, which supplement previously released United States and United Nations telegrams, show that non-aligned states led by Nigeria attempted to strengthen the UN peacekeeping force, known as UNAMIR, but failed to provide the required resources. The United States and other permanent members of the Security Council were scarred by the murders of UN peacekeepers in both Rwanda and Somalia, and unwilling to take any action that might prove unpopular domestically.

Declassification requests from the National Security Archive and the Center for the Prevention of Genocide in four countries have resulted in the release of nearly 300 formerly secret diplomatic cables that provide fresh insights into the closed Security Council sessions. The newly-released documents include reporting from the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the Czech Republic, which were key players in the Security Council debates, in addition to previously withheld US diplomatic traffic.

While the State Department has released thousands of documents about the Rwanda genocide, thousands more are still considered confidential by other US government agencies, notably the Department of Defense. The Clinton Library has yet to process a request for the release of more than 100 emails and internal White House memoranda that could shed light on the role played by Clinton aides, including the present national security adviser, Susan Rice, in the UNAMIR withdrawal decision. The request is supported by the Public Interest Declassification Board, an advisory committee established by Congress in 2000, to promote "the fullest possible public access" to significant U.S. national security decisions.


Ambassador Jean Damascene Bizimana (Rwanda) addresses members of the Security Council. Date: 08 June 1994. Courtesy of United Nations, New York, Photo #286758.

Today's posting features a number of less well-known but influential characters in the West's developing response to the crisis. The New Zealand envoy, Colin Keating, served as President of the Security Council in April 1994, at the height of the genocide. The British ambassador, Sir David Hannay, was known as the "King of the Security Council" because of his mastery of UN procedures. Karel Kovanda of the Czech Republic was the first UN ambassador to use the term "genocide" to describe events in Rwanda. The United States representative on the Security Council was a much more familiar figure — Madeleine Albright, who went on to serve as Secretary of State in the second Clinton administration.

The contemporaneous diplomatic cables offer valuable insights into the debates in the so-called "Informal Sessions" of the Security Council which took place behind closed doors, without official note-takers present. It was at these meetings that the international community shaped its response to the Rwanda genocide in the days and weeks after the assassination of Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana on April 6.

Details that emerge from the newly-released cables include the following:

  • Threats by the Clinton administration to withdraw peacekeepers from Rwanda, even before April 6. The day before the shooting down of the presidential plane, Washington linked a three-month extension of UNAMIR [Document 2] to progress on implementing the Arusha peace agreements. According to Keating, the U.S. wanted to keep Rwanda on "a short leash" [Document 1] as a means of bringing pressure on the warring parties to meet their obligations under the peace accords.

    Report by Colin Keating, New Zealand representative to the UN, Document 1.
  • The decision by US policy-makers to push for withdrawal of UNAMIR. On April 11, four days after the start of the genocide, Keating reported "a growing feeling" on the part of US diplomats that UNAMIR "withdrawal may be necessary." [Document 4] On April 12, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright cabled Washington [Document 5] to propose "taking the lead in the Security Council to authorize the evacuation of the bulk of UNAMIR while leaving behind a skeletal staff." Albright reported a closing "window of opportunity" to withdraw the peacekeepers while Kigali airport "is still open and under French-Belgian control."
  • Conflicting signals from the UN Secretary-General. On April 13, Boutros Boutros-Ghali informed his aides that "UNAMIR will have to be withdrawn" [Document 8] in light of a decision by the Belgian government to pull out its peacekeepers. The following day, he changed his position, and suggested that UNAMIR should stay on without the Belgians. On May 2, according to a cable from Keating, he "sprang a surprise" [Document 15] and proposed that the Council authorize "more forceful action to restore order in Rwanda."
  • Opposition to the presence of foreign forces by the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front. The RPF accepted the existing UN presence in Kigali, but was deeply suspicious of French and Belgian forces deployed in Rwanda to evacuate foreigners. The RPF threatened to treat such forces as "hostile" [Document 3] unless they withdrew from the country by April 14 at the latest. [Document 6]
  • The voice of skepticism. Sir David Hannay of the United Kingdom argued on April 14 that the goal of protecting civilians in Rwanda was"simply not achievable" [Document 8] with the limited resources available to the UN. On April 25, the UK ambassador warned that there was " no point in promising what we could not deliver." [Document 12]

    Report by Sir David Hannay of the UK, Document 12.
  • Frustration of non-permanent members with the lack of action by the Security Council. As the scale of the killings became apparent on April 20, UNSC President Keating observed that continued silence on the part of the Council was "becoming increasingly difficult to explain." [Document 9] Keating's successor, Ibrahim Gambari of Nigeria, warned on May 5 that the Council risked becoming "a laughing stock" [Document 16] unless it took prompt action.
  • Role played by NGOs. Security Council members relied on non-governmental organizations for some of the best reporting on Rwanda. An April 25 briefing by the French humanitarian group Medecins Sans Frontieres that "a clear policy of genocide" [Document 11] was being conducted by "Rwandan government forces" made a deep impression on Keating and other Council members. As a consequence of the MSF report, Kovanda informed Prague that a "clear genocide" [Document 10] was taking place in Rwanda. The Czech envoy ridiculed Rwandan government-RPF ceasefire negotiations under UN auspices as comparable to "persuading Hitler to reach a ceasefire with the Jews."

    Report by the Czech Republic's Karel Kovanda, Document 10.
  • Obstruction by the Rwandan government. The Security Council deliberations were complicated by the presence of a representative of the genocidal regime in Rwanda, Jean-Damascene Bizimana. According to Hannay, the Rwandan envoy persuaded other non-aligned ambassadors [Document 14] to block use of the word "genocide" to describe events in Rwanda on April 30. A handwritten annotation on the presidential statement drafted by Ambassador Keating records that "Rwanda/NAM wouldn't allow the term genocide." [Document 13]

    Report by UK's Hannay, Document 14.
  • Opposition to French peacekeeping force. Many ambassadors were opposed to the French intervention known as "Operation Turquoise." According to Keating, Hannay privately described the French proposal as "crazy" [Document 17] while US diplomats termed it "disastrous." Nevertheless the Security Council voted 10-0 with five abstentions [Document 18] (New Zealand, Nigeria, Brazil, Pakistan, and China) on June 22 to support the operation.


The US Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Ambassador Prudence Bushnell, speaks on the internal US government 
discussions on the decision to withdraw UNAMIR.

See the annotated table and index below for the full collection of released reports from the UN Security Council informal meetings from January 1994 to July 1994.

* The sources of these documents include freedom of information requests to the US, UK, and New Zealand governments, the Czech Republic Foreign Ministry, as well as evidence from the International Criminal Tribunal in Rwanda (ICTR).

 


The Documents

Document 1
Date: April 4, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: Washington [New Zealand Embassy] 
Subject: Security Council: New Zealand Presidency: Rwanda 
Cable No: C02734

Document 2 
Date: April 6, 1994 
To: FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK] 
From: UKMIS New York [UK Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Rwanda 
Cable No: 1216

Document 3 
Date: April 8, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand]
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04272

Document 4 
Date: April 11, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: Washington [New Zealand Embassy] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda: US Views 
Cable No: C02755

Document 5 
Date: April 12, 1994 
To: SecState WashDC [Secretary of State, Washington, DC] 
From: US Mission, USUN, New York 
Subject: Future UNAMIR and French Roles in Rwanda 
Cable No: USUN 01503

Document 6 
Date: April 13, 1994 
To: FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK] 
From: UKMIS New York [UK Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Rwanda 
Cable No: 1306

Document 7 
Date: April 13, 1994 
To: [Kofi] Annan [Undersecretary General for Peacekeeping Operations] 
From: [Chinmaya] Gharekhan [Security Council Representative of the UN Secretary-General] 
Subject: [Belgian Foreign Minister Informs Secretary General of Belgian Pullout from UNAMIR] 
Cable No: N/A

Document 8 
Date: April 15, 1994
To: FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK] 
From: UKMIS New York [UK Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Rwanda 
Cable No: 1364

Document 9 
Date: April 20, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04348

Document 10 
Date: April 25, 1994 
To: [Czech Foreign Ministry, Prague] 
From: [Czech Republic Mission to the UN, New York] 
Subject: N/A 
Cable No: 2657

Document 11 
Date: April 25, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04362

Document 12 
Date: April 26, 1994 
To: FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK] 
From: UKMIS New York [UK Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Rwanda 
Cable No: 1481

Document 13 
Date: April 30, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: N/A

Document 14 
Date: April 30, 1994 
To: FCO [Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK] 
From: UKMIS New York [UK Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Rwanda 
Cable No: 1559

Document 15 
Date: May 2, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04400

Document 16 
Date: May 5, 1994 
To: The Secretary-General [Boutros Boutros-Ghali], Geneva 
From: [Chinmaya] Gharekhan [Security Council Representative of the UN Secretary-General], UNations New York 
Subject: [Security Council Discussion on Rwanda] 
Cable No: 1451

Document 17 
Date: June 17, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04641

Document 18 
Date: June 22, 1994 
To: Wellington [New Zealand] 
From: New York [New Zealand Mission to the UN] 
Subject: Security Council: Rwanda 
Cable No: C04656

 


U.N.S.C. Readouts

Sort by:  Session Date   Source   Author   Document Date
Show Documents From:  Czech Republic   New Zealand   Rwandan Patriotic Front   United Kingdom   United Nations   United States

Note: Some documents are listed twice if they reference more than one Security Council session. When subjects are absent or not descriptive, brief summaries are sometimes given in brackets in the “Subject” field.

Session Date SourceCable SubjectAuthor Document Date
October 5, 1993 United Nations S/1994/360Second Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda Boutros Boutros-Ghali March 30, 1994
December 20, 1993 United NationsS/1994/715 Second Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda Boutros Boutros-GhaliJune 16, 1994
January 4, 1994 Czech Republic1025 [Peace process moving along] New York U.N. MissionJanuary 4, 1994
January 5, 1994 Czech Republic1038 [Secretary general report on UNAMIR progress] New York U.N. MissionJanuary 5, 1994
January 5, 1994 Czech Republic1039 [Progress in Rwanda and additional second unit to be deployed for UNAMIR] New York U.N. MissionJanuary 5, 1994
January 5, 1994United Nations 34Security Council Consultations Kofi Annan January 5, 1994
January 6, 1994 Czech Republic 1065[Letter to secretary general and UNSCR 893 passed] New York U.N. Mission January 6, 1994
January 6, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Political Situation in Rwanda Claude DusaidiJanuary 6, 1994
January 6, 1994 United NationsS/RES/893 Resolution 893 (1994)U.N. Security Council January 6, 1994
January 7, 1994Czech Republic 1092[RPF rep. Dusaidi meets with UNSC President] New York U.N. Mission January 9, 1994
January 24, 1994 United States 00312UN Concern Over Rwanda Madeleine Albright January 24, 1994
February 9, 1994 Czech Republic 1579[Overall situation in Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission February 9, 1994
February 10, 1994 Czech Republic 1598[Agreed to wait on presidential statement for political negotiations] New York U.N. Mission February 10, 1994
February 10, 1994 United Nations437 Security Council Consultations Kofi AnnanFebruary 10, 1994
February 15, 1994 Czech Republic1662 [France distributes their draft of presidential statement] New York U.N. MissionFebruary 15, 1994
February 16, 1994United Nations 478Security Council Consultations Kofi Annan February 16, 1994
February 17, 1994 Czech Republic 1700[Draft presidential still under discussion] New York U.N. Mission February 17, 1994
February 17, 1994 United NationsS/PRST/1994/8 Statement by the President of the Security Council Roble OhayeFebruary 17, 1994
February 24, 1994 Czech Republic1807 [Violence in Rwanda and presidential statement adopted 2/17] New York U.N. MissionFebruary 24, 1994
March 22, 1994United States 01187Discussions on Rwanda Mandate and New SRSG to Zaire Madeleine Albright March 23, 1994
March 31, 1994 New Zealand 2357Security Council: Rwanda [Extension of UNAMIR mandate] New York U.N. Mission March 31, 1994
April 4, 1994 Czech Republic 2388[Expansion of UNAMIR mandate—initial discussions (main sticking point is length of extension)] New York U.N. Mission April 4, 1994
April 4, 1994 New ZealandC04247 Security Council: Rwanda [Extension of UNAMIR mandate] New York U.N. MissionApril 4, 1994
April 4, 1994New Zealand C02734Security Council: New Zealand Presidency: Rwanda [Issues of progress in Rwanda and mandate of UNAMIR] Washington Embassy April 4, 1994
April 4, 1994 United Nations950 Extension of UNAMIRKofi Annan April 4, 1994
April 4, 1994United States 01373PERM-5 Discussions on Rwanda Mandate Extension Edward Walker April 4, 1994
April 5, 1994 Czech Republic2400 [UNAMIR extended for 4 months with a 6-week review] New York U.N. MissionApril 5, 1994
April 5, 1994New Zealand C02737Security Council: Rwanda [Mandate extension proposal for UNAMIR] Washington Embassy April 5, 1994
April 5, 1994 New Zealand2380 Security Council: Rwanda [Mandate adopted] New York U.N. MissionApril 5, 1994
April 5, 1994United Kingdom 1216Security Council adopts Resolution 989 Stephen Gomersall April 6, 1994
April 5, 1994 United NationsS/RES/909 Resolution 909 (1994)U.N. Security Council April 5, 1994
April 5, 1994United States 01407UNSC Votes to Extend UNAMIR Mandate Edward Walker April 6, 1994
April 6, 1994 Czech Republic2412 [Assassination of presidents of Rwanda and Burundi] New York U.N. MissionApril 6, 1994
April 6, 1994New Zealand C04260Security Council: Rwanda [Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi killed] New York U.N. Mission April 6, 1994
April 6, 1994 United Kingdom1232 Assassinations of Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi Stephen GomersallApril 7, 1994
April 7, 1994 Czech Republic2424 [Situation in Rwanda is tragic—killings and anarchy] New York U.N. MissionApril 7, 1994
April 7, 1994 New ZealandC01754 Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] Paris EmbassyApril 7, 1994
April 7, 1994New Zealand 2396Security Council: Rwanda [Violence after downing of plane, Belgians killed] New York U.N. Mission April 7, 1994
April 7, 1994 United Kingdom1263 Rwanda and BurundiStephen Gomersall April 8, 1994
April 7, 1994United Kingdom 1264Rwanda: Presidential Statement Stephen Gomersall April 8, 1994
April 7, 1994 United NationsS/PRST/1994/16 Statement by the President of the Security Council Colin KeatingApril 7, 1994
April 8, 1994Czech Republic 2437[Anarchy in Rwanda: first discussions of evacuation of foreign nationals] New York U.N. Mission April 8, 1994
April 8, 1994 New ZealandC04273 Security Council: Rwanda [French on the ground] New York U.N. MissionApril 8, 1994
April 8, 1994New Zealand C04276Security Council: Rwanda [French on the ground] New York U.N. Mission April 8, 1994
April 8, 1994 New Zealand2406 Security Council: Rwanda [Copy of Secretary General’s letter to the Council on Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionApril 8, 1994
April 8, 1994New Zealand C04272Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. Mission April 8, 1994
April 8, 1994 United Kingdom1284 RwandaStephen Gomersall April 9, 1994
April 8, 1994United Nations 1050Rwanda Kofi AnnanApril 8, 1994
April 8, 1994United States 01460UN’s Evacuation Plans for, and Statement to Security Council on, Rwanda Madeleine Albright April 8, 1994
April 8, 1994 United States01476 WGRWOL: UN SYG Letter to SC; RPF Threats; SC Informals; Provisional Govt Formed Madeleine AlbrightApril 9, 1994
April 9, 1994 Czech Republic2438 [Relationship going forward between SC and Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionApril 10, 1994
April 9, 1994New Zealand C04282Security Council: Rwanda [Evacuation of foreign nationals and status of UNAMIR given the current security situation] (see pages 1–3) New York U.N. Mission April 11, 1994
April 9, 1994 United Kingdom 1285Rwanda Stephen GomersallApril 9, 1994
April 9, 1994United Nations 1059Rwanda Kofi AnnanApril 9, 1994
April 9, 1994United Nations 1060Franco-Belgian Evacuation Operation/Security Council Consultations Kofi Annan April 9, 1994
April 9, 1994 United States01484 WGRWOL: UNSC Discusses Rwanda; No Action Taken Madeleine AlbrightApril 9, 1994
April 11, 1994 Czech Republic2469 [SC commented on latest developments, UN Secretariat considering options] New York U.N. MissionApril 11, 1994
April 11, 1994New Zealand C02755Security Council: Rwanda: US Views Washington Embassy April 11, 1994
April 11, 1994 New Zealand C04282Security Council: Rwanda [Evacuation of foreign nationals and status of UNAMIR given the current security situation] (see pages 4–5) New York U.N. Mission April 11, 1994
April 11, 1994 United Kingdom1295 RwandaStephen Gomersall April 12, 1994
April 11, 1994United States 01491WGRWOL: Update from UN 4/11 Madeleine Albright April 11, 1994
April 12, 1994 Czech Republic 2482[Future of UNAMIR: four options from UK, Belgium doing behind-the-scenes diplomacy to try to get Czech Republic to agree to withdrawal option] New York U.N. Mission April 12, 1994
April 12, 1994 New Zealand C04292Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. Mission April 12, 1994
April 12, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Press Release [RPF has entered Kigali] Claude DusaidiApril 12, 1994
April 12, 1994 United Kingdom1306 Rwanda [Further report on situation] Stephen GomersallApril 13, 1994
April 12, 1994United Nations 1095Rwanda Kofi AnnanApril 12, 1994
April 12, 1994United States 01503TFRWOL: Future of UNAMIR and French Roles in Rwanda Madeleine Albright April 12, 1994
April 13, 1994 Czech Republic 2498[Nigerian ambassador submits draft UNSCR on behalf of NAM, all agree that extreme solutions to UNAMIR’s future are out of the question (i.e. no complete pullout)] New York U.N. Mission April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 New Zealand 2430Security Council: Rwanda [Draft resolution and letter from secretary general to UNSC President] New York U.N. Mission April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 New ZealandC04305 Security Council: Rwanda Troop Contributors Meeting New York U.N. MissionApril 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 New ZealandC04308 Security Council: Rwanda [Update on progress in New York and in Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionApril 13, 1994
April 13, 1994New Zealand C21870Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance] Foreign Ministry April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front [Crime of genocide has been committed] Claude Dusaidi April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 United Kingdom1340 [Belgian withdrawal, Secretariat brief, Council discussion] David HannayApril 14, 1994
April 13, 1994United Kingdom 1341Letter from the secretary general to the Security Council president David Hannay April 14, 1994
April 13, 1994 United Kingdom1342 Text of NAM DraftDavid Hannay April 14, 1994
April 13, 1994United Nations [Secretary General’s Assessment of UNAMIR] Chinmaya Garekhan April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 United Nations1117 RwandaKofi Annan April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 United States 01543TFRWOL: Troop Contributors Discuss UNAMIR’s Future Madeleine Albright April 13, 1994
April 13, 1994 United States01553 TFRWOL: Still No Security Council Action, 4/13 Madeleine AlbrightApril 14, 1994
April 14, 1994 Czech Republic2510 [SC Working Group dealt with NAM draft resolution] New York U.N. MissionApril 14, 1994
April 14, 1994New Zealand C04314Security Council: Rwanda [Proposals for future of UNAMIR] New York U.N. Mission April 14, 1994
April 14, 1994 New Zealand C22009Security Council: Rwanda [Policy considerations] Foreign Ministry April 15, 1994
April 14, 1994 New Zealand2438 Security Council: Rwanda [Copy of draft resolution on the Situation in Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionApril 14, 1994
April 14, 1994 New ZealandU47317 Security Council: Rwanda Foreign MinistryApril 15, 1994
April 14, 1994United Kingdom 1364Rwanda [Secretariat presents two options for future of UNAMIR] David Hannay April 15, 1994
April 14, 1994 United Nations 1140Security Council Consultations Kofi Annan April 14, 1994
April 15, 1994 Czech Republic 2546[Alternatives of UNAMIR’s operation] New York U.N. Mission April 16, 1994
April 15, 1994 New Zealand C01639Security Council: Rwanda [Belgian assessment of situation] Brussels Embassy April 15, 1994
April 15, 1994 New ZealandC01758 Security Council: Rwanda [Canada’s View] Ottawa EmbassyApril 15, 1994
April 15, 1994 New Zealand2450 Security Council: Rwanda [Paper from informal consultations] New York U.N. MissionApril 15, 1994
April 15, 1994New Zealand C04323Security Council: Rwanda [Many differing views on future of UNAMIR] New York U.N. Mission April 15, 1994
April 15, 1994 United Kingdom 1374Rwanda [Continuation of UNAMIR discussion] David Hannay April 16, 1994
April 15, 1994 United Kingdom1375 Text of Council President’s Speaking Note David HannayApril 16, 1994
April 15, 1994United Nations 1156Security Council consultations Kofi Annan April 15, 1994
April 15, 1994 United States01531 TFRWOL: UN Recommendations to be Acted Upon 4/15 Madeleine AlbrightApril 15, 1994
April 15, 1994 United States01607 TFRWOL: Security Council at Impasse on UNAMIR’s Future Madeleine AlbrightApril 16, 1994
April 18, 1994 Czech Republic2585 [Situation in country “continues to be complex”] New York U.N. MissionApril 18, 1994
April 18, 1994 United Kingdom1389 Rwanda [Meeting with Bangladeshi PR and Secretariat brief on developments] David HannayApril 19, 1994
April 18, 1994United Nations 1195Security Council consultations (page 1) Kofi Annan April 19, 1994
April 18, 1994 United States 01628UNSC Gets Update on Rwanda 4/18 Madeleine Albright April 19, 1994
April 19, 1994 Czech Republic 2595[“Chances of Renewing Peace are Vanishingly Small.”] New York U.N. Mission April 19, 1994
April 19, 1994 New Zealand C04341Security Council: Troop Contributing Meeting: Rwanda New York U.N. Mission April 19, 1994
April 19, 1994 New ZealandC04340 Security Council: Rwanda [Decision on UNAMIR] New York U.N. MissionApril 19, 1994
April 19, 1994 United Kingdom1410 Rwanda [situation on ground and SC decision to be taken] David HannayApril 20, 1994
April 19, 1994United Nations 1195Security Council Consultations (pages 2–3) Kofi Annan April 19, 1994
Czech Republic2603 [Human Rights Watch report] New York U.N. MissionApril 20, 1994
April 20, 1994New Zealand C04348Security Council: Rwanda [No decision yet] New York U.N. Mission April 20, 1994
April 20, 1994 United Kingdom 1434Rwanda [Secretary general’s recommendations on UNAMIR future fail to materialize] David Hannay April 20, 1994
United NationsS/1994/470 Special Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda Boutros Boutros-GhaliApril 20, 1994
April 20, 1994 United States01682 Rwanda Discussed in Security Council, April 20 Madeleine AlbrightApril 21, 1994
April 20, 1994United States 01684SYG Reluctant to Withdraw from Rwanda Madeleine Albright April 21, 1994
April 21, 1994 Czech Republic 2613[NAM still insists on strengthening UNAMIR] New York U.N. Mission April 21, 1994
April 21, 1994 New Zealand Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary general report and Res. 912 (1994)] New York U.N. MissionApril 21, 1994
April 21, 1994 United Kingdom1445 Rwanda [SC adopts Resolution 912] David HannayApril 22, 1994
April 21, 1994United Kingdom 1446Text of Security Council Resolution 912 David Hannay April 22, 1994
April 21, 1994 United Nations S/RES/912Resolution 912 (1994) U.N. Security Council April 21, 1994
April 21, 1994 United States01748 UNSC Votes to Reduce Size of UN PKO in Rwanda on April 21; Update in SC April 25 Madeleine AlbrightApril 26, 1994
April 22, 1994 New ZealandC04356 Security Council: Troop Contributors: Rwanda New York U.N. MissionApril 22, 1994
April 23, 1994United States 01724Draw-down of UNAMIR; Status of Civilians Madeleine Albright April 23, 1994
April 25, 1994 Czech Republic 2657[RPF control and massacre at hospital] New York U.N. Mission April 25, 1994
April 25, 1994 New ZealandC04362 Security Council: Rwanda [Issue of genocide] New York U.N. MissionApril 25, 1994
April 25, 1994 United Kingdom1481 Rwanda [Secretariat brief on developments] David HannayApril 26, 1994
April 25, 1994United Nations 1272[Security Council Consultations] Chinmaya Garekhan April 25, 1994
April 25, 1994 United Nations 1276Security Council Consultations Kofi Annan April 25, 1994
April 26, 1994 Czech Republic 2674[RPF document mentions genocide] New York U.N. Mission April 26, 1994
April 26, 1994 New Zealand C04377Security Council: Rwanda [Regional support and options] New York U.N. Mission April 26, 1994
April 26, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Genocide in RwandaClaude Dusaidi April 26, 1994
April 26, 1994United Kingdom 1494Rwanda [Secretariat brief and UNSC president brief on meeting with regional partners] David Hannay April 27, 1994
April 26, 1994 United Nations1315 Meeting with Security Council President Kofi AnnanApril 27, 1994
April 26, 1994United States 01776UNSC Activity on Rwanda Madeleine Albright April 27, 1994
April 27, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Press Release: France Recognizes Murderous and Criminal Regime in Rwanda Claude DusaidiApril 27, 1994
April 28, 1994 Czech Republic2704 [OAU views and discussion about genocide] New York U.N. MissionApril 28, 1994
April 28, 1994New Zealand 2521Security Council: Rwanda [Draft presidential statements] New York U.N. Mission April 28, 1994
April 28, 1994 United Kingdom 1538Rwanda [Secretariat brief and discussion by Council on next steps] David Hannay April 29, 1994
April 28, 1994 United Nations1351 Security Council consultations Kofi AnnanApril 28, 1994
April 29, 1994Czech Republic 2721[Informal consultations led to a dramatic conclusion on genocide] New York U.N. Mission April 29, 1994
April 29, 1994 New ZealandC22615 Security Council: Rwanda [Support of draft Presidential statement] Foreign MinistryApril 29, 1994
April 29, 1994 New ZealandC04387 Security Council: Rwanda [Action on Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionApril 29, 1994
April 29, 1994United Kingdom 1559Rwanda [Text of presidential statement adopted] David Hannay April 30, 1994
April 29, 1994 United Kingdom 1563Rwanda [Secretary general deeply concerned] David Hannay April 30, 1994
April 29, 1994 United Kingdom1564 Text of Presidential Statement David HannayApril 30, 1994
April 29, 1994United States 01817Next Steps on Rwanda - April 29 Madeleine Albright April 30, 1994
April 30, 1994 New Zealand Security Council: Rwanda [SC documents] New York U.N. MissionApril 30, 1994
April 30, 1994 New ZealandC04395 Security Council: Rwanda [Presidential statement, issues of responsibility and genocide, action to be taken next] New York U.N. MissionMay 2, 1994
April 30, 1994New Zealand 2534Security Council: Rwanda [SC documents] New York U.N. Mission May 2, 1994
April 30, 1994 United NationsS/PRST/1994/21 Statement by the President of the Security Council Colin KeatingApril 30, 1994
April 30, 1994United States 01820Security Council Adopts Presidential Statement on Rwanda, April 30 Madeleine Albright April 30, 1994
May 2, 1994 New ZealandC22766 Security Council: Rwanda [Discussion on action to take in Rwanda] Foreign MinistryMay 3, 1994
May 2, 1994New Zealand C04400Security Council: Rwanda [Security Council decisions and UN intervention] New York U.N. Mission May 2, 1994
May 3, 1994 Czech Republic2758 [Considering how to re-engage] New York U.N. MissionMay 3, 1994
May 3, 1994New Zealand C04408Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. Mission May 3, 1994
May 3, 1994 New Zealand2551 Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary general’s May 3 letter] New York U.N. MissionMay 3, 1994
May 3, 1994United Nations 1412[Security Council Consultations] Kofi Annan May 3, 1994
May 4, 1994 Czech Republic2776 [Update on Arusha talks and secretary general writes to African countries requesting troops] New York U.N. MissionMay 4, 1994
May 4, 1994New Zealand C04413Security Council: Rwanda [“Intervention force”] New York U.N. Mission May 4, 1994
May 4, 1994 United Nations1430 Security Council Consultations Kofi AnnanMay 4, 1994
May 5, 1994Czech Republic 2801[SC discusses what’s next for UNAMIR and action in Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission May 5, 1994
May 5, 1994 New ZealandC04422 Security Council: Rwanda [RPF views] New York U.N. MissionMay 5, 1994
May 5, 1994New Zealand C04417Security Council: Rwanda: Human Rights New York U.N. Mission May 5, 1994
May 5, 1994 New ZealandC04421 Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. MissionMay 5, 1994
May 5, 1994United Nations 1451[Security Council Consultations] Chinmaya Garekhan May 5, 1994
May 5, 1994 United Nations1471 Security Council consultations on future mandate Kofi AnnanMay 5, 1994
May 6, 1994New Zealand C04428Security Council: Rwanda [Draft resolutions going around] New York U.N. Mission May 6, 1994
May 6, 1994 New Zealand2581 Security Council: Rwanda [Drafts of UNSC docs] New York U.N. MissionMay 6, 1994
May 6, 1994New Zealand C00598Rwanda: Human Rights Geneva U.N. Mission May 6, 1994
May 6, 1994 New Zealand2591 Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary general’s non-paper on expanded UNAMIR] New York U.N. MissionMay 6, 1994
May 6, 1994United Nations S/1994/565Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Rwanda Boutros Boutros-Ghali May 13, 1994
May 6, 1994 United States01926 Rwanda: SC President will write to SYG Madeleine AlbrightMay 6, 1994
May 6, 1994United States 01959Security Council agrees on letter to SYG on Rwanda May 6 Madeleine Albright May 7, 1994
May 7, 1994 Czech Republic2821 [SC confused on situation and draft resolutions are circulated] New York U.N. MissionMay 8, 1994
May 9, 1994New Zealand C01463Security Council: Rwanda [German approach to involvement in Rwanda and situation on the ground] Bonn Embassy May 9, 1994
May 9, 1994 New ZealandC02854 Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. views on the issue] Washington EmbassyMay 9, 1994
May 10, 1994New Zealand C04443Security Council: Rwanda [Notes on proposed documents for Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission May 10, 1994
May 10, 1994 New ZealandC23162 Security Council: Rwanda [Policy points] Foreign MinistryMay 11, 1994
May 11, 1994 Czech Republic2886 [Secretary general’s unofficial report on Rwanda being considered] New York U.N. MissionMay 11, 1994
May 11, 1994 New ZealandC04446 Security Council: Rwanda [UNAMIR draft resolution] New York U.N. MissionMay 11, 1994
May 11, 1994New Zealand C23246Security Council: Rwanda [Concerns with draft resolution] Foreign Ministry May 12, 1994
May 11, 1994 New Zealand2597 Security Council: Rwanda [Presidential draft resolution and UNHCR update] New York U.N. MissionMay 11, 1994
May 11, 1994United Nations 1584Informal consultations on the “non-paper” Kofi Annan May 11, 1994
May 12, 1994 Czech Republic2909 [Forthcoming resolution to expand UNAMIR’s mandate] New York U.N. MissionMay 12, 1994
May 12, 1994New Zealand C04452Security Council: Rwanda [Situation in U.N. and on the ground] New York U.N. Mission May 12, 1994
May 12, 1994 New Zealand Security Council: Rwanda [Instructions] Foreign MinistryMay 13, 1994
May 12, 1994New Zealand C23286Security Council: Rwanda [Instructions] Foreign Ministry May 13, 1994
May 12, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Consultation on the Deployment of the Proposed UN Force in Rwanda Claude DusaidiMay 12, 1994
May 12, 1994United States 02037Rwanda: May 12 Council Informals Madeleine Albright May 12, 1994
May 13, 1994 Czech Republic2933 [SC discussed draft of a Rwanda resolution formulating UNAMIR’s mandate] New York U.N. MissionMay 15, 1994
May 13, 1994New Zealand C04457Security Council: Rwanda [Vote on resolution delayed] New York U.N. Mission May 13, 1994
May 13, 1994 New Zealand2614 Security Council: Rwanda [Text of Secretary General’s report and resolution] New York U.N. MissionMay 13, 1994
May 13, 1994New Zealand [Press Release] NZ pushes for humanitarian option in Rwanda Foreign Ministry May 13, 1994
May 13, 1994 United Nations1614 Security Council Consultations Kofi AnnanMay 13, 1994
May 13, 1994United States 02059Rwanda: May 13 Security Council Informals Madeleine Albright May 14, 1994
May 16, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic Front Rwandese Patriotic Front: Statement [Welcomes SCR to establish humanitarian mission in Rwanda] Claude DusaidiMay 16, 1994
May 17, 1994Czech Republic 2950[SC adopts Resolution 918 expanding UNAMIR] New York U.N. Mission May 17, 1994
May 17, 1994 New ZealandC04469 Security Council: Rwanda [Disappointment with UNSCR 918 and U.S. involvement] New York U.N. MissionMay 18, 1994
May 17, 1994New Zealand C04480CHR: Special Session on Rwanda New York U.N. Mission May 19, 1994
May 17, 1994 New Zealand2619 Security Council: Rwanda [UNSCR 918] New York U.N. MissionMay 17, 1994
May 17, 1994United Nations S/RES/918Resolution 918 (1994) U.N. Security Council May 17, 1994
May 17, 1994 United NationsS/1994/640 Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Rwanda Boutros Boutros-GhaliMay 31, 1994
May 17, 1994United Nations 1623Security Council Resolution Kofi Annan May 17, 1994
May 17, 1994 United States02093 Security Council approves phased UNAMIR expansion Madeleine AlbrightMay 18, 1994
May 18, 1994New Zealand C04464Rwanda: Possible New Zealand Logistics Contribution to UNAMIR New York U.N. Mission May 18, 1994
May 19, 1994 United States02141 Rwanda troop contributor meeting and action request Madeleine AlbrightMay 19, 1994
May 20, 1994New Zealand C04484Security Council: Rwanda [Breaking deadlock] New York U.N. Mission May 20, 1994
May 20, 1994 United States02149 Rwanda makes demands of Security Council Madeleine AlbrightMay 20, 1994
May 23, 1994 Czech Republic3046 [Updates from secretary general representative Ambassador Garekhan] New York U.N. MissionMay 23, 1994
May 23, 1994 New ZealandC04489 Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. MissionMay 23, 1994
May 23, 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front Press Release [Multiple issues] Claude Dusaidi May 23, 1994
Czech Republic3065 [Secretary General’s special envoy, Iqbal Riza, still in Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionMay 24, 1994
May 25, 1994New Zealand 2671Security Council: Rwanda [Visit of Patrick Mazimhaka] New York U.N. Mission May 25, 1994
May 27, 1994 Czech Republic3111 [Riza and Baril have gotten parties to agree to sit down for talks about a ceasefire as troop contributing countries start sending assurances to the secretary general] New York U.N. Mission May 27, 1994
May 27, 1994 New ZealandC04513 Security Council: Rwanda [Status of military operations and UNAMIR II] New York U.N. MissionMay 27, 1994
May 31, 1994 Czech Republic3140 [First direct talks between RPF and government of Rwanda occur at UNAMIR HQ in Kigali] New York U.N. MissionMay 31, 1994
May 31, 1994New Zealand C04529Security Council: Rwanda [Ceasefire talks and military situation[ New York U.N. Mission May 31, 1994
June 1, 1994 New ZealandC04540 Security Council: Rwanda [Civilians trapped at Kabgayi] New York U.N. MissionJune 1, 1994
June 2, 1994New Zealand C24150Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance] Foreign Ministry June 3, 1994
June 2, 1994 New ZealandC04550 Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary general issued further report on Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionJune 2, 1994
June 3, 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front UNSCR 918 Claude DusaidiJune 3, 1994
June 6, 1994New Zealand 2741Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. draft resolution on Rwanda and comments to U.S. Mission] New York U.N. Mission June 6, 1994
June 6, 1994 New ZealandC04569 Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary general report and resolution with U.S.] New York U.N. MissionJune 6, 1994
June 6, 1994 New ZealandC24211 Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on draft resolution] Foreign MinistryJune 7, 1994
June 6, 1994New Zealand 2734Security Council: Rwanda [RPF communiqué] New York U.N. Mission June 6, 1994
June 6, 1994 United States02373 Council Reactions to Draft Resolution on Rwanda Madeleine AlbrightJune 7, 1994
June 7, 1994New Zealand 2751Security Council: Rwanda [Text of draft resolution] New York U.N. Mission June 7, 1994
June 7, 1994 New ZealandC04580 Security Council: Rwanda: Possible NZ Contribution to UNAMIR New York U.N. MissionJune 7, 1994
June 7, 1994New Zealand C04577Security Council: Rwanda [Continuing work on draft resolution] New York U.N. Mission June 7, 1994
June 7, 1994 New ZealandC04576 Security Council: Rwanda: Possible NZ Contribution New York U.N. MissionJune 7, 1994
June 7, 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front Statement to Members of the Security Council Claude Dusaidi June 7, 1994
June 7, 1994 United Nations1854 Security Council Informal Consultations Kofi AnnanJune 7, 1994
June 8, 1994Czech Republic 3225[UN Security Council adopts Resolution 925 (1994)] New York U.N. Mission June 8, 1994
June 8, 1994 Czech Republic3504 Spain officially submits draft resolution to the Council New York U.N. MissionJune 28, 1994
June 8, 1994New Zealand U/NSecurity Council: Rwanda [Text of UNSCR 925] New York U.N. Mission June 8, 1994
June 8, 1994 United NationsS/RES/925 Resolution 925 (1994)U.N. Security Council June 8, 1994
June 10, 1994New Zealand C04600Security Council: Rwanda [Spain proposal of commission of experts and informal discussions on trying to get Rwanda off the Council] New York U.N. Mission June 10, 1994
June 13, 1994 New ZealandC24445 Security Council: Rwanda [Commission of experts] Foreign MinistryJune 13, 1994
June 13, 1994New Zealand 2779Security Council: Rwanda [Letter from Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission June 13, 1994
June 13, 1994 New ZealandC04602 Security Council: Rwanda [General situation update] New York U.N. MissionJune 13, 1994
June 14, 1994New Zealand C04615Security Council: Rwanda [Movement in SC] New York U.N. Mission June 14, 1994
June 14, 1994 United States02477 Rwanda - SC Discusses Commission of Experts Madeleine AlbrightJune 15, 1994
June 15, 1994 Czech Republic3341 [Discussions regarding the Spanish draft resolution occur on 6/14 and the non-permanent members meet the new special representative of the Secretary General for Rwanda during informals on 6/15] New York U.N. Mission June 15, 1994
June 15, 1994 New ZealandC04621 Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. MissionJune 15, 1994
June 15, 1994New Zealand C01931Security Council: Rwanda [France ready to intervene in Rwanda] Paris Embassy June 16, 1994
June 16, 1994 New ZealandC01934 Security Council: Rwanda [France serious about intervention] Paris EmbassyJune 17, 1994
June 16, 1994New Zealand C24667Security Council: Rwanda [Possible French mission] Foreign Ministry June 17, 1994
June 16, 1994 New Zealand2797 Security Council: Rwanda [Backlash focused at US] New York U.N. MissionJune 16, 1994
June 16, 1994New Zealand C04628Security Council: Rwanda [French mission] New York U.N. Mission June 16, 1994
June 17, 1994 Czech Republic3374 [French Ambassador informs the Council about the possibility of sending French units to Rwanda.] New York U.N. MissionJune 17, 1994
June 17, 1994New Zealand C01936Security Council: Rwanda [French intervention proposal] Paris Embassy June 20, 1994
June 17, 1994 New ZealandU52172 Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on French proposal] Foreign MinistryJune 20, 1994
June 17, 1994New Zealand C04003Security Council: Rwanda [WEU meeting on French proposal] London Embassy June 20, 1994
June 17, 1994 New ZealandC04641 Security Council: Rwanda [French outline position to Council and reaction] New York U.N. MissionJune 17, 1994
June 17, 1994New Zealand C04637Security Council: Rwanda: UNOMUR New York U.N. Mission June 17, 1994
June 17, 1994 New ZealandC24728 Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on French proposal] Foreign MinistryJune 20, 1994
June 17, 1994New Zealand 2814Security Council: Rwanda [Draft resolution circulated by French] New York U.N. Mission June 17, 1994
June 17, 1994 New ZealandC24739 Security Council: Rwanda: UNOMUR Foreign MinistryJune 20, 1994
June 17, 1994New Zealand C03998Security Council: Rwanda [British also concerned with proposed French mission] London Embassy June 17, 1994
June 17, 1994 United States02513 France ready to send troops to Rwanda Madeleine AlbrightJune 17, 1994
June 19, 1994New Zealand 2819Security Council: Rwanda [Secretary General and RPF letters] New York U.N. Mission June 20, 1994
June 20, 1994 Czech Republic3398 [French ambassador introduces new, slightly altered draft resolution and the Council discusses it.] New York U.N. MissionJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand C04643Security Council: Rwanda: UNOMUR New York U.N. Mission June 20, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC01519 Security Council: Rwanda [German views on French proposal] Bonn EmbassyJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand C01766Security Council: Rwanda [Belgian views of French proposal] Brussels Embassy June 20, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC01921 Security Council: Rwanda [Canadian views of French mission and request] Ottawa EmbassyJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand C04012Security Council: Rwanda, Georgia London Embassy June 21, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC04643 Security Council: Rwanda: UNOMUR New York U.N. MissionJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand Security Council: Rwanda [Abstention of vote] Foreign Ministry June 22, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC04649 Security Council: Rwanda [Reservations and lack of sufficient support for French draft] New York U.N. MissionJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. non-paper on proposed French intervention] Washington Embassy June 20, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC00278 Security Council: Rwanda: Spain Madrid EmbassyJune 21, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand C02846Security Council: Rwanda [Russia supporting French proposal in principle] Moscow Embassy June 21, 1994
June 20, 1994 New ZealandC02992 Security Council: Rwanda: Australia Canberra EmbassyJune 21, 1994
June 20, 1994New Zealand C03039Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. and French initiative] Washington Embassy June 21, 1994
June 20, 1994 United NationsS/RES/928 Resolution 928 (1994)U.N. Security Council June 20, 1994
June 20, 1994United Nations 2001Resolution on UNOMUR Kofi Annan June 21, 1994
United NationsS/1994/728 Letter Dated 19 June 1994 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council Boutros Boutros-GhaliJune 20, 1994
June 20, 1994United States 02549UN discussions of French initiative for Rwanda Madeleine Albright June 20, 1994
June 21, 1994 Czech Republic3415 [After consulting with NAM members, France submitted its adapted draft resolution.] New York U.N. MissionJune 21, 1994
June 21, 1994New Zealand 2828Security Council: Rwanda [Copy of French resolution as adopted and EOV as delivered] New York U.N. Mission June 22, 1994
June 21, 1994 New ZealandC01773 Security Council: Rwanda [Text of WEU Permanent Council decision on Rwanda] Brussels EmbassyJune 22, 1994
June 21, 1994New Zealand C24779Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on the French proposal at hand] Foreign Ministry June 21, 1994
June 21, 1994 New ZealandC04652 Security Council: Rwanda [Opinions and discussion on French draft resolution] New York U.N. MissionJune 21, 1994
June 21, 1994New Zealand C24774Security Council: Rwanda: Genocide Follow-Up Foreign Ministry June 21, 1994
June 21, 1994 United Nations [Security Council Consultations] Kofi AnnanJune 21, 1994
June 21, 1994United States 02575Latest draft resolution on French initiative for Rwanda Madeleine Albright June 22, 1994
June 22, 1994 New ZealandC01942 Security Council: Rwanda [French press report on intervention] Paris EmbassyJune 22, 1994
June 22, 1994New Zealand U00603Security Council: Rwanda [Spanish press opinion and government support for French intervention] Madrid Embassy June 23, 1994
June 22, 1994 New ZealandC01940 Security Council: Rwanda [France asking for NZ support on draft resolution] Paris EmbassyJune 22, 1994
June 22, 1994New Zealand 2826Security Council: Rwanda [French text as it emerged in blue and latest RPF letter urging UNAMIR withdrawal] New York U.N. Mission June 22, 1994
June 22, 1994 New ZealandC04656 Security Council: Rwanda [Res. 929 passed 15-0-5] New York U.N. MissionJune 22, 1994
June 22, 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front [Totally opposed to U.N. sponsored French invasion of Rwanda] Claude Dusaidi June 22, 1994
June 22, 1994 United NationsS/RES/929 Resolution 929 (1994)U.N. Security Council June 22, 1994
June 22, 1994United States 02589Council barely delivers enough votes to back French move into Rwanda Madeleine Albright June 23, 1994
June 23, 1994 Czech Republic3444 [The Secretary General comments to the Council after the adoption of Resolution 929 along with a continued discussion on troop contributing countries to UNAMIR and a commission of experts on Rwanda.] New York U.N. Mission June 23, 1994
June 23, 1994 New Zealand2847 Security Council: Rwanda [Latest draft of Spanish resolution on commission of experts in Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionJune 24, 1994
June 24, 1994 Czech Republic3463 [French ambassador briefs Council on the intervention force.] New York U.N. MissionJune 24, 1994
June 24, 1994New Zealand C04671Security Council: Rwanda [French intervention force, TCC for UNAMIR, Spanish resolution] New York U.N. Mission June 24, 1994
June 24, 1994 New ZealandC24997 Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance] Foreign MinistryJune 27, 1994
June 24, 1994New Zealand C25052Security Council: Rwanda [Position of Rwandan PR on Council] Foreign Ministry June 28, 1994
June 25, 1994 New ZealandC00934 Security Council: Rwanda [Italian government willing to send troops] Rome EmbassyJune 25, 1994
June 27, 1994Czech Republic 3495[Security Council discusses Radio Mille Collines and the negative messages broadcast about the RPF and UNAMIR] New York U.N. Mission June 27, 1994
June 27, 1994 New ZealandC00282 Security Council: Rwanda [Spanish official comments on Rwanda and asks for NZ views] Madrid EmbassyJune 27, 1994
June 27, 1994New Zealand C25024Security Council: Rwanda [Spanish resolution guidance] Foreign Ministry June 27, 1994
June 27, 1994 New ZealandC04674 Security Council: Rwanda [Council meeting] New York U.N. MissionJune 27, 1994
June 27, 1994New Zealand U02437Security Council: Rwanda [French and Rwanda] Paris Embassy June 30, 1994
June 27, 1994 United Nations2076 Radio BroadcastsKofi Annan June 27, 1994
June 28, 1994United States 02667Rwanda: UNAMIR Contributors Meeting Madeleine Albright June 29, 1994
June 29, 1994 New ZealandC01960 Security Council: Rwanda [TCCs for UNAMIR] Ottawa EmbassyJune 30, 1994
June 29, 1994New Zealand 2878Security Council: Rwanda: Commission of Experts New York U.N. Mission June 29, 1994
June 29, 1994 New ZealandC04695 Security Council: Rwanda: Commission of Experts New York U.N. MissionJune 29, 1994
June 30, 1994United Nations 2114Security Council Informal Consultations Kofi Annan June 30, 1994
July 1, 1994 Czech Republic3536 Security Council adopted Spanish draft resolution unanimously. New York U.N. MissionJuly 1, 1994
July 1, 1994New Zealand 2898Security Council: Rwanda: Commission of Experts New York U.N. Mission July 1, 1994
July 1, 1994 New Zealand2899 Security Council: Rwanda [Djibouti discussion paper on Rwanda’s Presidency in September] New York U.N. MissionJuly 1, 1994
July 1, 1994New Zealand C25308Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on Rwandan PR] Foreign Ministry July 4, 1994
July 1, 1994 New ZealandC04705 Security Council: Rwanda [Various issues floating around SC] New York U.N. MissionJuly 1, 1994
July 1, 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front [Reiterate its total opposition to French intervention in Rwanda] Claude Dusaidi July 1, 1994
July 1, 1994 United Nations2140 Meeting of the Security Council on Rwanda Kofi AnnanJuly 1, 1994
July 1, 1994United Nations S/1994/879Report of the Secretary-General on the Establishment of the Commission of Experts Pursuant to Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 935 (1994) of 1 July 1994 Boutros Boutros-Ghali July 26, 1994
July 1, 1994 United NationsS/RES/935 Resolution 935 (1994)U.N. Security Council July 1, 1994
July 2, 1994New Zealand U/NSecurity Council: Rwanda [French and humanitarian zone] New York U.N. Mission July 3, 1994
July 3, 1994 New ZealandC25306 Security Council: Rwanda [Guidance on France’s humanitarian zone proposal] Foreign MinistryJuly 4, 1994
July 5, 1994New Zealand C06545Security Council: Rwanda [Talking points] Foreign Ministry July 6, 1994
July 5, 1994 New ZealandC25361 Security Council: Rwanda: French Demarche Foreign MinistryJuly 5, 1994
July 5, 1994New Zealand C04710Security Council: Rwanda [Informals and French action] New York U.N. Mission July 5, 1994
July 5, 1994 New ZealandC04086 Security Council: Rwanda [British opinion on humanitarian zone proposal] London EmbassyJuly 5, 1994
July 5, 1994New Zealand C01970Security Council: Rwanda [Humanitarian zone] Paris Embassy July 5, 1994
July 6, 1994 New ZealandC25408 Security Council: Rwanda: US Demarche Foreign MinistryJuly 6, 1994
July 6, 1994New Zealand 2908Security Council: Rwanda [Documents] New York U.N. Mission July 6, 1994
July 6, 1994 New ZealandC04713 Security Council: Rwanda [Continued talk on humanitarian zone] New York U.N. MissionJuly 6, 1994
July 6, 1994New Zealand C03131Security Council: Rwanda and its Presidency Washington Embassy July 7, 1994
July 6, 1994 United States02788 Rwanda: French reassure SC about humanitarian zone Edward GnehmJuly 6, 1994
July 7, 1994New Zealand 2921UNAMIR Troop Contributors Meeting New York U.N. Mission July 8, 1994
July 7, 1994 United States02821 Rwanda: troop contributors meeting - 7/7/1994 Edward GnehmJuly 8, 1994
July 8, 1994New Zealand C04726Security Council: Rwanda [Situation update] New York U.N. Mission July 8, 1994
July 10, 1994 United States02855 French Prime Minister addresses the SC on Rwanda Madeleine AlbrightJuly 11, 1994
July 11, 1994New Zealand C04730Security Council: Rwanda [French Prime Minister addresses SC] New York U.N. Mission July 11, 1994
July 12, 1994 New ZealandC25628 Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. considering de-recognizing Rwandan interim government and challenging reps credentials at UN] Foreign MinistryJuly 12, 1994
July 12, 1994New Zealand C04739Security Council: Rwanda [Meeting with Australian Defence Force reconnaissance team visiting en route back to Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission July 12, 1994
July 13, 1994 New ZealandC01562 Security Council: Rwanda [German views on French and UNAMIR] Bonn EmbassyJuly 13, 1994
July 14, 1994New Zealand 2956Security Council: Rwanda [Presidential statement on Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission July 14, 1994
July 14, 1994 New ZealandC04768 Security Council: Rwanda [Situation on the ground in Rwanda] New York U.N. MissionJuly 14, 1994
July 14, 1994United Nations S/PRST/1994/34Statement by the President of the Security Council Ibrahim Gambari July 14, 1994
July 14, 1994 United Nations Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 918 (1994) Concerning Rwanda UN Security CouncilJuly 14, 1994
July 14, 1994United States 02918Rwanda: Security Council adopts statement July 14 calling for ceasefire Madeleine Albright July 15, 1994
July 15, 1994 New Zealand2963 Security Council: Rwanda [RPF letter to U.N. on formation of new government] New York U.N. MissionJuly 15, 1994
July 15, 1994New Zealand C04775Security Council: Rwanda [France seeking guidance on how to deal with “interim government” in safe zone] New York U.N. Mission July 15, 1994
July 18, 1994 New Zealand2979 Security Council: Rwanda [Documents attached] New York U.N. MissionJuly 18, 1994
July 18, 1994New Zealand C04791Security Council: Rwanda [Situation on the ground] New York U.N. Mission July 18, 1994
July 18, 1994 New ZealandC25834 Security Council: Rwanda [U.S. requires cessation of of Rwanda’s diplomatic operations in Washington] Foreign MinistryJuly 18, 1994
July 18, 1994New Zealand 2991Security Council: Rwanda: Representation and Credentials New York U.N. Mission July 19, 1994
July 18, 1994 United States02952 Rwanda: 18 Jul 94 Security council meeting Madeleine AlbrightJuly 19, 1994
July 19, 1994New Zealand 2989Security Council: Rwanda [Legal guidance and list of new government of Rwanda] New York U.N. Mission July 19, 1994
July 19, 1994 New ZealandC04793 Security Council: Rwanda [Rwandan delegation no longer participating in SC meetings] New York U.N. MissionJuly 19, 1994

 


SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
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-“The enemies of Freedom do not argue ; they shout and they shoot.”

The principal key root causes that lead to the Rwandan genocide of 1994 that affected all Rwandan ethnic groups were:

1)The majority Hutu community’s fear of the return of the discriminatory monarchy system that was practiced by the minority Tutsi community against the enslaved majority Hutu community for about 500 years

2)The Hutu community’s fear of Kagame’s guerrilla that committed massacres in the North of the country and other parts of the countries including assassinations of Rwandan politicians.

3) The Rwandan people felt abandoned by the international community ( who was believed to support Kagame’s guerrilla) and then decided to defend themselves with whatever means they had against the advance of Kagame’ guerrilla supported by Ugandan, Tanzanian and Ethiopian armies and other Western powers.

-“The enemies of Freedom do not argue ; they shout and they shoot.”

-“The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

-“The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”

-“I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.”

The Rwanda war of 1990-1994 had multiple dimensions.

The Rwanda war of 1990-1994 had multiple dimensions. Among Kagame’s rebels who were fighting against the Rwandan government, there were foreigners, mainly Ugandan fighters who were hired to kill and rape innocent Rwandan people in Rwanda and refugees in DRC.

READ MORE RECENT NEWS AND OPINIONS

SUMMARY : THE TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE BRITISH BUDGET SUPPORT AND GEO-STRATEGIC AMBITIONS

United Kingdom's Proxy Wars in Africa: The Case of Rwanda and DR Congo:

The Rwandan genocide and 6,000,000 Congolese and Hutu refugees killed are the culminating point of a long UK’s battle to expand their influence to the African Great Lakes Region. UK supported Kagame’s guerrilla war by providing military support and money. The UK refused to intervene in Rwanda during the genocide to allow Kagame to take power by military means that triggered the genocide. Kagame’s fighters and their families were on the Ugandan payroll paid by UK budget support.


· 4 Heads of State assassinated in the francophone African Great Lakes Region.
· 2,000,000 people died in Hutu and Tutsi genocides in Rwanda, Burundi and RD.Congo.
· 600,000 Hutu refugees killed in R.D.Congo, Uganda, Central African Republic and Rep of Congo.
· 6,000,000 Congolese dead.
· 8,000,000 internal displaced people in Rwanda, Burundi and DR. Congo.
· 500,000 permanent Rwandan and Burundian Hutu refugees, and Congolese refugees around the world.
· English language expansion to Rwanda to replace the French language.
· 20,000 Kagame’s fighters paid salaries from the British Budget Support from 1986 to present.
· £500,000 of British taxpayer’s money paid, so far, to Kagame and his cronies through the budget support, SWAPs, Tutsi-dominated parliament, consultancy, British and Tutsi-owned NGOs.
· Kagame has paid back the British aid received to invade Rwanda and to strengthen his political power by joining the East African Community together with Burundi, joining the Commonwealth, imposing the English Language to Rwandans to replace the French language; helping the British to establish businesses and to access to jobs in Rwanda, and to exploit minerals in D.R.Congo.



Thousands of Hutu murdered by Kagame inside Rwanda, e.g. Kibeho massacres

Thousands of Hutu murdered by Kagame inside Rwanda, e.g. Kibeho massacres
Kagame killed 200,000 Hutus from all regions of the country, the elderly and children who were left by their relatives, the disabled were burned alive. Other thousands of people were killed in several camps of displaced persons including Kibeho camp. All these war crimes remain unpunished.The British news reporters were accompanying Kagame’s fighters on day-by-day basis and witnessed these massacres, but they never reported on this.

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Download Documents from Amnesty International

25,000 Hutu bodies floated down River Akagera into Lake Victoria in Uganda.

25,000  Hutu bodies  floated down River Akagera into Lake Victoria in Uganda.
The British irrational, extremist, partisan,biased, one-sided media and politicians have disregarded Kagame war crimes e.g. the Kibeho camp massacres, massacres of innocents Hutu refugees in DR. Congo. The British media have been supporting Kagame since he invaded Rwanda by organising the propaganda against the French over the Rwandan genocide, suppressing the truth about the genocide and promoting the impunity of Kagame and his cronies in the African Great Lakes Region. For the British, Rwanda does not need democracy, Rwanda is the African Israel; and Kagame and his guerilla fighters are heroes.The extremist British news reporters including Fergal Keane, Chris Simpson, Chris McGreal, Mark Doyle, etc. continue to hate the Hutus communities and to polarise the Rwandan society.

Kagame political ambitions triggered the genocide.

Kagame  political  ambitions triggered the genocide.
Kagame’s guerrilla war was aimed at accessing to power at any cost. He rejected all attempts and advice that could stop his military adventures including the cease-fire, political negotiations and cohabitation, and UN peacekeeping interventions. He ignored all warnings that could have helped him to manage the war without tragic consequences. Either you supported Kagame’ s wars and you are now his friend, or you were against his wars and you are his enemy. Therefore, Kagame as the Rwandan strong man now, you have to apologise to him for having been against his war and condemned his war crimes, or accept to be labelled as having been involved in the genocide. All key Kagame’s fighters who committed war crimes and crimes against humanity are the ones who hold key positions in Rwandan army and government for the last 15 years. They continue to be supported and advised by the British including Tony Blair, Andrew Mitchell MP, and the British army senior officials.

Aid that kills: The British Budget Support financed Museveni and Kagame’s wars in Rwanda and DRC.

Aid that kills: The British Budget Support  financed Museveni and Kagame’s wars in Rwanda and DRC.
Genocide propaganda and fabrications are used by the so-called British scholars, news reporters and investigative journalists to promote their CVs and to get income out of the genocide through the selling of their books, providing testimonies against the French, access to consultancy contracts from the UN and Kagame, and participation in conferences and lectures in Rwanda, UK and internationally about genocide. Genocide propaganda has become a lucrative business for Kagame and the British. Anyone who condemned or did not support Kagame’s war is now in jail in Rwanda under the gacaca courts system suuported by British tax payer's money, or his/she is on arrest warrant if he/she managed to flee the Kagame’s regime. Others have fled the country and are still fleeing now. Many others Rwandans are being persecuted in their own country. Kagame is waiting indefinitely for the apologies from other players who warn him or who wanted to help to ensure that political negotiations take place between Kagame and the former government he was fighting against. Britain continues to supply foreign aid to Kagame and his cronies with media reports highlighting economic successes of Rwanda. Such reports are flawed and are aimed at misleading the British public to justify the use of British taxpayers’ money. Kagame and his cronies continue to milk British taxpayers’ money under the British budget support. This started from 1986 through the British budget support to Uganda until now.

Dictator Kagame: No remorse for his unwise actions and ambitions that led to the Rwandan genocide.

Dictator Kagame: No remorse for his unwise actions and ambitions that led to the  Rwandan genocide.
No apologies yet to the Rwandan people. The assassination of President Juvenal Habyarimana by Kagame was the only gateway for Kagame to access power in Rwanda. The British media, politicians, and the so-called British scholars took the role of obstructing the search for the truth and justice; and of denying this assassination on behalf of General Kagame. General Paul Kagame has been obliging the whole world to apologise for his mistakes and war crimes. The UK’s way to apologise has been pumping massive aid into Rwanda's crony government and parliement; and supporting Kagame though media campaigns.

Fanatical, partisan, suspicious, childish and fawning relations between UK and Kagame

Fanatical, partisan, suspicious, childish and fawning relations between UK and Kagame
Kagame receives the British massive aid through the budget support, British excessive consultancy, sector wide programmes, the Tutsi-dominated parliament, British and Tutsi-owned NGOs; for political, economic and English language expansion to Rwanda. The British aid to Rwanda is not for all Rwandans. It is for Kagame himself and his Tutsi cronies.

Paul Kagame' actvities as former rebel

Africa

UN News Centre - Africa

The Africa Report - Latest

IRIN - Great Lakes

This blog reports the crimes that remain unpunished and the impunity that has generated a continuous cycle of massacres in many parts of Africa. In many cases, the perpetrators of the crimes seem to have acted in the knowledge that they would not be held to account for their actions.

The need to fight this impunity has become even clearer with the massacres and genocide in many parts of Africa and beyond.

The blog also addresses issues such as Rwanda War Crimes, Rwandan Refugee massacres in Dr Congo, genocide, African leaders’ war crimes and crimes against humanity, Africa war criminals, Africa crimes against humanity, Africa Justice.

-The British relentless and long running battle to become the sole player and gain new grounds of influence in the francophone African Great Lakes Region has led to the expulsion of other traditional players from the region, or strained diplomatic relations between the countries of the region and their traditional friends. These new tensions are even encouraged by the British using a variety of political and economic manoeuvres.

-General Kagame has been echoing the British advice that Rwanda does not need any loan or aid from Rwandan traditional development partners, meaning that British aid is enough to solve all Rwandan problems.

-The British obsession for the English Language expansion has become a tyranny that has led to genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, dictatorial regimes, human rights violations, mass killings, destruction of families, communities and cultures, permanent refugees and displaced persons in the African Great Lakes region.


- Rwanda, a country that is run by a corrupt clique of minority-tutsi is governed with institutional discrmination, human rights violations, dictatorship, authoritarianism and autocracy, as everybody would expect.