tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-40504697925277029562024-03-13T15:02:44.607+00:00Rwanda HistoryNews and Information about Africa issues and problems, Human Rights Abuses, Unpunished War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity in Africa, UK's Policy in Africa and UK-Africa Politics and Foreign Relations, e.g. UK's Proxy Wars in Africa: The Case of Rwanda and D.R. Congo.Centre for Africa Political Advocacyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14378773916534986078noreply@blogger.comBlogger3929125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-18492578515781593992020-12-15T21:24:00.001+00:002020-12-15T21:24:30.869+00:00UK plan not to fully participate in Erasmus+ programme is a deliberate discrimination against Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Organisations ( BAME).<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">UK plan not to fully participate in Erasmus+ programme is a deliberate discrimination against Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Organisations ( BAME).</span></b></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Erasmus+ programme was accessible by UK small BAME organisations, NGOs, social enterprises and charities, particularly in relation to inclusion. If UK leaves Erasmus+ programme, and launches a similar programme ( UK Erasmus+), BAME organisations will not have access to this new UK programme. It is well known that UK funding programmes do not have strong criteria in relation to diversity, equality and inclusion. The UK organisations which have money ( reserves) and led by the white are the ones who gets funding money.</span><br></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Even if UK decides to participate in EU Erasmus+ programmes, the programme actions that involve BAME organisations and other small organisations working with young people with fewer opportunities will be excluded. The UK government prefers to participate in Erasmus+ Programmes that are dominated by the UK white class. This is another example of deliberate discrimination against BAME organisations being planned by the UK government.</span><br></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">UK BAME organisations face discrimination in all funding programmes. They will not have access to the new UK funding similar to Erasmus+ programme ( being designed by the Tory Administration). This new funding will be more accessible to larger white-led organisations as it is the case regarding International Development Funding Programmes run by the UK government and dominated by UK NGOs working in Africa and other developing regions.</span><br></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">More:</span><br></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 42pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">UK set to lose access to Erasmus exchange programme as Brexit talks struggle</span></b></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-erasmus-eu-exchange-b1774348.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-erasmus-eu-exchange-b1774348.html</a></span></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#231F20;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Funding pledge for UK substitute to Erasmus+ welcomed</span></b><br></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20201203103353638" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_8940856430">Funding pledge for UK substitute to Erasmus+ welcomed</a></span></p><div><br></div><p></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">UK unlikely to participate in Erasmus+ post Brexit</span></b></p> <p class="ydp48db90bfMsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: serif; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">Michel Barnier tells MEPs negotiators have not struck a deal on UK participation in the EU scheme.</span></p> <div><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-unlikely-to-participate-in-erasmus-post-brexit/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-unlikely-to-participate-in-erasmus-post-brexit/</a></div></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-13391642463662464892020-12-13T20:19:00.003+00:002020-12-13T20:19:51.712+00:00[africaforum] France and Europeans on their knees because of "British fish".<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background:#F8F9FA;"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:21.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#202124;">France and Europeans on their knees because of "British fish".</span></b></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background:#F8F9FA;"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:21.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#202124;">France has a large territory, why don't they abandon the English fish and concentrate their efforts on aquaculture? The English have just said that the French will no longer have access to English fish in the event of a no-deal.</span></b></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background:#F8F9FA;"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36);font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18pt;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">France to 'keep calm and carry on' as UK readies navy to protect fishing rights</span><br></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk</a></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36);font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 20.5pt;">Brexit : la Royal Navy prête à protéger les eaux britanniques en cas d'échec des négociations</span><br></p><p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR" style="color:#1155CC;">https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"></span></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"> </span><u><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#196AD4;"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_8701996421">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs - France 24</a></span></u></p><p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><u></u></p><div><u><br></u></div><div id="ydpae9ea085enhancr_card_8701996421" class="ydpae9ea085yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydpae9ea085ymail-preserve-class ydpae9ea085ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><u><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" class="ydpae9ea085yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydpae9ea085card-wrapper ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px;"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydpae9ea085card ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpae9ea085card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/2wXPdrahCH.rRMbQ7nUGzQ--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://s.france24.com/media/display/a084fbc2-2b1d-11eb-a0e7-005056bff430/w:1280/p:16x9/b6fc600a99e3a050b0d81f3644408be001a49a57.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/2wXPdrahCH.rRMbQ7nUGzQ--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://s.france24.com/media/display/a084fbc2-2b1d-11eb-a0e7-005056bff430/w:1280/p:16x9/b6fc600a99e3a050b0d81f3644408be001a49a57.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpae9ea085card-overlay-container-table ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpae9ea085card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent;min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpae9ea085card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydpae9ea085card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydpae9ea085card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydpae9ea085card-info ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydpae9ea085card-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs - Franc...</h2><p class="ydpae9ea085card-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></u></div><div><u><br></u></div><div><u><br></u></div><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><p></p></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Samuel Desire <sam4des@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4216;_ylc=X3oDMTJxMmV0aGZhBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE2BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNzg5MDc4NA--?act=reply&messageNum=4216">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:sam4des@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20France%20and%20Europeans%20on%20their%20knees%20because%20of%20%22British%20fish%22%2E" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20France%20and%20Europeans%20on%20their%20knees%20because%20of%20%22British%20fish%22%2E" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmbzllNDk3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDc4OTA3ODQ-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4216;_ylc=X3oDMTM1dXVzcDI4BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE2BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwNzg5MDc4NAR0cGNJZAM0MjE2" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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The English have just said that the French will no longer have access to English fish in the event of a no-deal.</span></b></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="line-height:27.0pt;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;background:#F8F9FA"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">France to 'keep calm and carry on' as UK readies navy to protect fishing rights</span><br></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk</a></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20.5pt;">Brexit : la Royal Navy prête à protéger les eaux britanniques en cas d'échec des négociations</span><br></p><p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR" style="color:#1155CC;mso-ansi-language:FR">https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"></span></p> <p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><u><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#196AD4;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_8701996421">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs - France 24</a></span></u></p><p class="ydp79b366c6MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><u></u></p><div><u><br></u></div><div id="ydpae9ea085enhancr_card_8701996421" class="ydpae9ea085yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydpae9ea085ymail-preserve-class ydpae9ea085ymail-preserve-style" 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class="ydpae9ea085card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydpae9ea085card-info ydpae9ea085yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydpae9ea085card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs - Franc...</h2><p class="ydpae9ea085card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Brexit: sur le port breton de Roscoff, l'inquiétude des pêcheurs</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></u></div><div><u><br></u></div><div><u><br></u></div><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><p></p></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-31819282876492295272020-12-13T20:14:00.002+00:002020-12-13T20:34:25.914+00:00[africaforum] La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des des poissons Britanniques<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des des poissons Britanniques</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La France a un grand territoire, pourquoi ils n'abandonnent pas les poissons anglais et concentrer les efforts sur l'aquaculture?</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Les Anglais viennent de dire que les Français n'auront plus accès aux poissons Anglais en cas de non-deal.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20.5pt;font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;color: rgb(32, 33, 36);background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;">Brexit : la Royal Navy prête à protéger les eaux britanniques en cas d'échec des négociations</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR" style="color:#1155CC;">https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><u><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#196AD4;"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR">https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs</span></a></span></u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#202124;">France to 'keep calm and carry on' as UK readies navy to protect fishing rights</span></p> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class>https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk</a></span><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Samuel Desire <sam4des@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4217;_ylc=X3oDMTJxYnV0a3BxBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE3BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNzg5MTY2MA--?act=reply&messageNum=4217">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:sam4des@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20La%20France%20et%20les%20Europ%C3%A9ens%20%C3%A0%20genoux%20%C3%A0%20cause%20des%20des%20poissons%20%20Britanniques" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20La%20France%20et%20les%20Europ%C3%A9ens%20%C3%A0%20genoux%20%C3%A0%20cause%20des%20des%20poissons%20%20Britanniques" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: 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height: 0;">__,_._,___</div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--> Globe Cause Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12764262602453823225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-32350611995319240702020-12-13T20:14:00.001+00:002020-12-13T20:14:20.304+00:00La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des des poissons Britanniques<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des des poissons Britanniques</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La France a un grand territoire, pourquoi ils n'abandonnent pas les poissons anglais et concentrer les efforts sur l'aquaculture?</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Les Anglais viennent de dire que les Français n'auront plus accès aux poissons Anglais en cas de non-deal.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 20.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Brexit : la Royal Navy prête à protéger les eaux britanniques en cas d'échec des négociations</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR" style="color:#1155CC;mso-ansi-language:FR">https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20201212-brexit-la-royal-navy-pr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-prot%C3%A9ger-les-eaux-britanniques-en-cas-d-%C3%A9chec-des-n%C3%A9gociations</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><u><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#196AD4;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="FR">https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs</span></a></span></u><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></p> <p class="ydpf857686MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#202124;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">France to 'keep calm and carry on' as UK readies navy to protect fishing rights</span></p> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm&ogbl#inbox/jrjtXVZsnslxzSvTvZwQTDSgVHBTFbnJzvmtWRcspXDBThDDWGqSvZdKPNKxrlJVpNGqtCpk</a></span><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-73317891909663913622020-12-13T17:04:00.000+00:002020-12-13T17:05:09.104+00:00[africaforum] Brexit: La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des " des poissons Britanniques"<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><p class="ydpbb94551aMsoPlainText" dir="ltr" data="false"></p><div><p class="ydp829c0cf4MsoPlainText"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:20.0pt;">La France et les Européens à genoux à cause des " des poissons Britanniques"</span></b></p> <p class="ydp829c0cf4MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 20pt;">La France a un grand territoire, pourquoi ils n'abandonnent pas les poissons anglais et concentrer les efforts sur l'aquaculture?</span><br></p> <p class="ydp829c0cf4MsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:20.0pt;">Les Anglais viennent de dire que les Français n'auront plus accès aux poissons Anglais en cas de non-deal.</span></p> <p class="ydp829c0cf4MsoPlainText"><a href="https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" style="font-size: 20pt;">https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201120-brexit-sur-le-port-breton-de-roscoff-l-inqui%C3%A9tude-des-p%C3%AAcheurs</a><br></p></div><div><br></div><p></p> <p class="ydpbb94551aMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:20.0pt;"> </span></p></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Samuel Desire <sam4des@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4215;_ylc=X3oDMTJxdTd2NWpqBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE1BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNzg3OTEwMg--?act=reply&messageNum=4215">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:sam4des@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Brexit%3A%20La%20France%20et%20les%20Europ%C3%A9ens%20%C3%A0%20genoux%20%C3%A0%20cause%20des%20%22%20%20des%20poissons%20%20Britanniques%22" style="text-decoration: none; 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color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.<BR> "I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.<BR> "The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.<BR> "When the white man came we had the land and they had the bibles; now they have the land and we have the bibles.<BR> <BR> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> "Post message: africaforum@yahoogroups.com<BR> "Subscribe: africaforum-subscribe@yahoogroups.com<BR> "Unsubscribe: africaforum-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com<BR> "List owner: africaforum-owner@yahoogroups.com <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> </div> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-vital" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px;"> <span id="vithd" style="font-weight: bold; color: #333; text-transform: uppercase; "><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/info;_ylc=X3oDMTJmdXFpYTIwBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDdnRsBHNsawN2Z2hwBHN0aW1lAzE2MDc4NzkxMDI-" style="text-decoration: none;">Visit Your Group</a></span> <ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: inline;"> </ul> </div> <div id="ft" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0 2px 0 0; clear: both;"> <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo;_ylc=X3oDMTJlZmlxa2s0BF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNnZnAEc3RpbWUDMTYwNzg3OTEwMg--" style="float: left;"><img src="https://s.yimg.com/ru/0.9.12/min/css/yahoo_en-US_f_pw_101x21.png" height="21" width="101" alt="Yahoo! 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Les Burundais ne comprennent rien de la justice. L'impunité règne au Burundi<span> </span>depuis des décennies car les Hutu ont peur des Tutsi<span> </span>même après la prise du pouvoir<span> </span>par des Hutus. Cette impunité est soutenue par tous les colons belges et francais.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText" style="margin-left:39.75pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">2. En Côte d'Ivoire il y a<span> </span>eu le changement de la constitution et le président<span> </span>sortant s'est représenté et été élu..<span> </span>Il n'y a pas<span> </span>eu<span> </span>d'exode des refugiés et des massacres comme au Burundi. Les colons français ont encouragé le<span> </span>changement de la constituions en Cote d'Ivoire. Mais au Burundi cela n'a pas été le cas.. Les colons belges et français ainsi que les tutsi<span> </span>du Rwanda et du<span> </span>Burundi ont<span> </span>encouragé les violences et Kagame a appelé les burundais d'aller se réfugier au Rwanda.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">3. Le Burundi a fait une autre erreur grave. Celle de ne pas<span> </span>avoir adopté l'Anglais et supprimé le<span> </span>Français alors que la majorité des refugies étaient<span> </span>des refugiés en Tanzanie, un pays anglophone. Si<span> </span>le Burundi avait supprimé le français ( la langue des génocidaires selon<span> </span>Kagame), le Burundi serait aujourd'hui en paix, en train d'être courtisé par les colons français qui<span> </span>courtisent Kagame.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">4. Les Burundais n'ont pas pu se débarrasser des Accords d'Arusha comme le Rwanda l'a fait. Si<span> </span>le Rwanda avait mis en œuvre les accords d'Arusha il serait dans le même serait aujourd'hui dans la même situation que le Burundi. Au Rwanda le pouvoir est 100 % entre les mains des Tutsi qui écrasent toute personne qui s'oppose au régime.</span></p></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4214;_ylc=X3oDMTJxcjlxZ245BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNjQyMjAwNw--?act=reply&messageNum=4214">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Analyse%3A%20Comment%20les%20erreurs%20politiques%20des%20Burundais%20les%20trahissent%20%20%28%20%20en%20quatre%20points%29%20%3F" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20Analyse%3A%20Comment%20les%20erreurs%20politiques%20des%20Burundais%20les%20trahissent%20%20%28%20%20en%20quatre%20points%29%20%3F" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmZXJsc2w0BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDY0MjIwMDc-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4214;_ylc=X3oDMTM1MGNzM2FxBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjE0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwNjQyMjAwNwR0cGNJZAM0MjE0" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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Les Burundais ne comprennent rien de la justice. L'impunité règne au Burundi<span> </span>depuis des décennies car les Hutu ont peur des Tutsi<span> </span>même après la prise du pouvoir<span> </span>par des Hutus. Cette impunité est soutenue par tous les colons belges et francais.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText" style="margin-left:39.75pt"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR">2. En Côte d'Ivoire il y a<span> </span>eu le changement de la constitution et le président<span> </span>sortant s'est représenté et été élu.<span> </span>Il n'y a pas<span> </span>eu<span> </span>d'exode des refugiés et des massacres comme au Burundi. Les colons français ont encouragé le<span> </span>changement de la constituions en Cote d'Ivoire. Mais au Burundi cela n'a pas été le cas. Les colons belges et français ainsi que les tutsi<span> </span>du Rwanda et du<span> </span>Burundi ont<span> </span>encouragé les violences et Kagame a appelé les burundais d'aller se réfugier au Rwanda.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR">3. Le Burundi a fait une autre erreur grave. Celle de ne pas<span> </span>avoir adopté l'Anglais et supprimé le<span> </span>Français alors que la majorité des refugies étaient<span> </span>des refugiés en Tanzanie, un pays anglophone. Si<span> </span>le Burundi avait supprimé le français ( la langue des génocidaires selon<span> </span>Kagame), le Burundi serait aujourd'hui en paix, en train d'être courtisé par les colons français qui<span> </span>courtisent Kagame.</span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR"> </span></p> <p class="ydpd78edcdeMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR">4. Les Burundais n'ont pas pu se débarrasser des Accords d'Arusha comme le Rwanda l'a fait. Si<span> </span>le Rwanda avait mis en œuvre les accords d'Arusha il serait dans le même serait aujourd'hui dans la même situation que le Burundi. Au Rwanda le pouvoir est 100 % entre les mains des Tutsi qui écrasent toute personne qui s'oppose au régime.</span></p></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-45179696346990631562020-11-26T14:26:00.003+00:002020-11-26T14:26:59.684+00:00[africaforum] Le plus grand scandale en Afrique est l’impunité au Burundi qui vient de durer des décennies et soutenue par les colons belges et français.<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="ydpf940ceedyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div id="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949"><div class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr"><p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp82d37816MsoNormal" dir="ltr"></p><p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp92ba25c7MsoNormal" dir="ltr"> </p><div><div><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">Le plus grand scandale en Afrique est l'impunité au Burundi<span> </span>qui vient de durer des décennies et soutenue par les colons belges et français. La raison c'est l'intimidation tutsi qui entrave la justice burundaise.</span></div> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><br></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">Pierre Buyoya ( tutsi ) aussi confirme cette intimdation en expliquant ridiculement son innocence par deux points :</span></p> <div><span style="font-size:22pt;">1. Mon inculpation va à l'encontre des Accords d'Arusha et donc la justice ne me concerne pas !</span></div> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">2. Pierre Buyoya dit que son inculpation va causer les violences ethniques au Burundi ! Cette version aberrante est vehiculee par les media des colons belges et francais.</span></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText" dir="ltr" data="false"></p><h1 class="ydpbe3b811bbig" style="margin: 10px 0px;font-family: Dosis, sans-serif;color: rgb(43, 45, 50);font-size: 47px;">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</h1><div class="ydpbe3b811bpost-description-box" style="margin-top: 25px;color: rgb(86, 88, 92);font-family: Merriweather, serif;font-size: 16px;"><div style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;font-family: Arvo, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;" dir="ltr" data="false"><span><a href="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" data="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte&source=gmail&ust=1606486680267000&usg=AFQjCNHT4mITwuNm_b0oymwYSjrCepaVgA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: small;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6840589017">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</a></span><div><br></div><div id="ydp1c21e6benhancr_card_6840589017" class="ydp1c21e6byahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp1c21e6bymail-preserve-class ydp1c21e6bymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" class="ydp1c21e6byahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6bcard-wrapper ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px;"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6bcard ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/TpB9fOFn4P4ZggIaditi4A--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5f568106ce4e624216d9b699/5fbee65c208e6b2a93bc7ca6_SEM-Pierre-BUYOYA-Haut-representant-CUA.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/TpB9fOFn4P4ZggIaditi4A--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5f568106ce4e624216d9b699/5fbee65c208e6b2a93bc7ca6_SEM-Pierre-BUYOYA-Haut-representant-CUA.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6bcard-overlay-container-table ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent;min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydp1c21e6bcard-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp1c21e6bcard-info ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp1c21e6bcard-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</h2><p class="ydp1c21e6bcard-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers le...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;font-family: Arvo, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers les réseaux sociaux, les thuriféraires du régime se frottent les mains, crient victoire et attendent son extradition.</div></div><div class="ydpbe3b811bsocial-icons-box" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 35px;color: rgb(86, 88, 92);font-family: Merriweather, serif;font-size: 16px;">Récemment condamné à perpétuité par la justice de son pays, le Burundi, l'ancien président, Pierre Buyoya, finit par lâcher du lest en démissionnant de son poste de Haut représentant de l'Union africaine au Mali et au Sahel.<br></div><div class="ydpbe3b811brich-text-block ydpbe3b811bw-richtext" style="color: rgb(86, 88, 92);font-family: Merriweather, serif;font-size: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Plusieurs médias internationaux font choux gras de cet abandon de poste.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">«L'ancien président burundais a présenté sa démission de son poste de Haut représentant de l'UA au Mali et au Sahel pour pouvoir se consacrer totalement à sa défense», a rapporté la Radio France Internationale, RFI.</p><div class="ydpbe3b811bw-embed ydpbe3b811bw-script"><div class="ydpbe3b811btwitter-tweet ydpbe3b811btwitter-tweet-rendered" style="max-width: 550px;width: 550px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></div></div><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">«<em>Sa démission a été acceptée avec une grande reconnaissance pour l'excellent travail accompli au nom de l'Union africaine</em>», a réagi un haut responsable au sein de la Commission.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Il occupait le poste de Haut représentant de l'Union africaine au Mali et au Sahel depuis huit ans.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Pierre Buyoya qui est toujours au Mali prévoit une conférence de presse d'ici quelques jours «<em>pour expliquer</em>» sa décision.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers les réseaux sociaux, les thuriféraires du régime se frottent les mains, crient victoire et attendent son extradition.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">En octobre dernier, la Cour Suprême du Burundi a condamné 15 anciennes hautes personnalités burundaises, dont l'ancien président Pierre Buyoya, à la prison à vie et à une amende de près de 7 millions de dollars américains.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Trois autres accusés ont écopé d'une peine de 20 ans de prison ferme dont l'ancien 1er vice-président de la République, Bernard Busokoza, aujourd'hui en exil.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Un seul prévenu a été acquitté dans cette affaire : Il s'agit d'Antoine Nduwayo, ancien premier ministre (février 1995-juillet 1996).</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Toutes ces personnalités étaient visées par une enquête judiciaire sur l'assassinat, en octobre 1993, de l'ancien président Melchior Ndadaye, premier président démocratiquement élu dans le pays. Elles étaient tous accusés d' «attentat contre le Chef de l'Etat, d'attentat contre l'autorité de l'Etat et d'attentat tendant à porter le massacre et dévastation ».</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Le gouvernement du Burundi avait émis un mandat d'arrêt international en 2018 contre lui.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;">Ancien officier de l'armée burundaise, le major Pierre Buyoya a dirigé le Burundi à deux reprises (de 1987 à 1993 puis de 1996 à 2003) chaque fois par un coup d'état.</p><div style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;"></div></div><p></p></div><div><br><br></div><p></p><p></p></div></div></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4213;_ylc=X3oDMTJxcnAyZDVoBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjEzBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNjQwMDgwOQ--?act=reply&messageNum=4213">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Le%20plus%20grand%20scandale%20en%20Afrique%20est%20l%E2%80%99impunit%C3%A9%20au%20Burundi%20%20qui%20vient%20de%20durer%20des%20d%C3%A9cennies%20et%20soutenue%20par%20les%20colons%20belges%20et%20fran%C3%A7ais%2E" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20Le%20plus%20grand%20scandale%20en%20Afrique%20est%20l%E2%80%99impunit%C3%A9%20au%20Burundi%20%20qui%20vient%20de%20durer%20des%20d%C3%A9cennies%20et%20soutenue%20par%20les%20colons%20belges%20et%20fran%C3%A7ais%2E" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmdnUyY3ZpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDY0MDA4MDk-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4213;_ylc=X3oDMTM1ZnNicWlwBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjEzBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwNjQwMDgwOQR0cGNJZAM0MjEz" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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La raison c'est l'intimidation tutsi qui entrave la justice burundaise.</span></div> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><br></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">Pierre Buyoya ( tutsi ) aussi confirme cette intimdation en expliquant ridiculement son innocence par deux points :</span></p> <div><span style="font-size:22pt;">1. Mon inculpation va à l'encontre des Accords d'Arusha et donc la justice ne me concerne pas !</span></div> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;">2. Pierre Buyoya dit que son inculpation va causer les violences ethniques au Burundi ! Cette version aberrante est vehiculee par les media des colons belges et francais.</span></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:22.0pt;"> </span></p> <p class="ydpf940ceedyiv4495764949ydp4414f6cfMsoPlainText" dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"></p><h1 class="ydpbe3b811bbig" style="margin: 10px 0px; font-family: Dosis, sans-serif; color: rgb(43, 45, 50); font-size: 47px; line-height: 55px;">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</h1><div class="ydpbe3b811bpost-description-box" style="margin-top: 25px; color: rgb(86, 88, 92); font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Arvo, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px;" dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span><a href="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte&source=gmail&ust=1606486680267000&usg=AFQjCNHT4mITwuNm_b0oymwYSjrCepaVgA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6840589017">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</a></span><div><br></div><div id="ydp1c21e6benhancr_card_6840589017" class="ydp1c21e6byahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp1c21e6bymail-preserve-class ydp1c21e6bymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.burundidaily.net/post/pierre-buyoya-jette-leponge-le-regime-burundais-exulte" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp1c21e6byahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6bcard-wrapper ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp1c21e6bcard ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/TpB9fOFn4P4ZggIaditi4A--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5f568106ce4e624216d9b699/5fbee65c208e6b2a93bc7ca6_SEM-Pierre-BUYOYA-Haut-representant-CUA.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydp1c21e6bcard-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp1c21e6bcard-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp1c21e6bcard-info ydp1c21e6byahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp1c21e6bcard-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, Helvetica Neue, Segoe UI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Pierre Buyoya jette l'éponge, le régime burundais exulte</h2><p class="ydp1c21e6bcard-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers le...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Arvo, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px;">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers les réseaux sociaux, les thuriféraires du régime se frottent les mains, crient victoire et attendent son extradition.</div></div><div class="ydpbe3b811bsocial-icons-box" style="margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 35px; color: rgb(86, 88, 92); font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;">Récemment condamné à perpétuité par la justice de son pays, le Burundi, l'ancien président, Pierre Buyoya, finit par lâcher du lest en démissionnant de son poste de Haut représentant de l'Union africaine au Mali et au Sahel.<br></div><div class="ydpbe3b811brich-text-block ydpbe3b811bw-richtext" style="color: rgb(86, 88, 92); font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Plusieurs médias internationaux font choux gras de cet abandon de poste.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">«L'ancien président burundais a présenté sa démission de son poste de Haut représentant de l'UA au Mali et au Sahel pour pouvoir se consacrer totalement à sa défense», a rapporté la Radio France Internationale, RFI.</p><div class="ydpbe3b811bw-embed ydpbe3b811bw-script"><div class="ydpbe3b811btwitter-tweet ydpbe3b811btwitter-tweet-rendered" style="max-width: 550px; width: 550px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></div></div><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">«<em>Sa démission a été acceptée avec une grande reconnaissance pour l'excellent travail accompli au nom de l'Union africaine</em>», a réagi un haut responsable au sein de la Commission.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Il occupait le poste de Haut représentant de l'Union africaine au Mali et au Sahel depuis huit ans.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Pierre Buyoya qui est toujours au Mali prévoit une conférence de presse d'ici quelques jours «<em>pour expliquer</em>» sa décision.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Les autorités burundaises n'ont pas encore officiellement réagi par rapport à cette démission. Mais à travers les réseaux sociaux, les thuriféraires du régime se frottent les mains, crient victoire et attendent son extradition.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">En octobre dernier, la Cour Suprême du Burundi a condamné 15 anciennes hautes personnalités burundaises, dont l'ancien président Pierre Buyoya, à la prison à vie et à une amende de près de 7 millions de dollars américains.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Trois autres accusés ont écopé d'une peine de 20 ans de prison ferme dont l'ancien 1er vice-président de la République, Bernard Busokoza, aujourd'hui en exil.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Un seul prévenu a été acquitté dans cette affaire : Il s'agit d'Antoine Nduwayo, ancien premier ministre (février 1995-juillet 1996).</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Toutes ces personnalités étaient visées par une enquête judiciaire sur l'assassinat, en octobre 1993, de l'ancien président Melchior Ndadaye, premier président démocratiquement élu dans le pays. Elles étaient tous accusés d' «attentat contre le Chef de l'Etat, d'attentat contre l'autorité de l'Etat et d'attentat tendant à porter le massacre et dévastation ».</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Le gouvernement du Burundi avait émis un mandat d'arrêt international en 2018 contre lui.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;">Ancien officier de l'armée burundaise, le major Pierre Buyoya a dirigé le Burundi à deux reprises (de 1987 à 1993 puis de 1996 à 2003) chaque fois par un coup d'état.</p><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></div></div><p></p></div><div><br><br></div><p></p><p></p></div></div></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-21048739013205307772020-11-20T21:02:00.001+00:002020-11-20T21:51:48.333+00:00[africaforum] Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><div><br></div><div><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-section-narrow ydp7516e58etitle-groupe" style="width: 868px;max-width: 1000px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: sans-serif;font-size: 20px;"><h1 class="ydp7516e58emedium" style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 5.25em;font-family: DharmaGothicE, Arial;margin: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.02em;">Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées</h1><h3 class="ydp7516e58eexergue-inf" itemprop="description" style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 1.35em;font-family: epocapro, Arial;margin: 0.5em 0px 0px;color: rgb(150, 0, 0);">L'Organisation internationale de la francophonie toujours aussi opaque</h3><div id="ydp7516e58eStoryDetailSocialSharing5fb739e2648c5d55b78b448d" class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-wrapper" style="min-height: 36px;"><div class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-hitter"></div><div class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-container ydp7516e58efade-in ydp7516e58esticky" style="margin: 0px;text-align: right;padding: 0.28em 0.35em 0px;background: rgb(51, 51, 51);width: 761.188px;min-height: 45px;"><div class="ydp7516e58eshares ydp7516e58efb ydp7516e58esharrre" data="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" 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data="https://m1.quebecormedia.com/emp/emp/60809346c0681187-6f75-4316-9666-53d8475c0cba_ORIGINAL.jpg?impolicy=crop-resize&x=0&y=0&w=2500&h=1787&width=480, https://m1.quebecormedia.com/emp/emp/60809346c0681187-6f75-4316-9666-53d8475c0cba_ORIGINAL.jpg?impolicy=crop-resize&x=0&y=0&w=2500&h=1787&width=960 2x" style="cursor: move;vertical-align: middle;width: 836px;" data="true" data="1605906104341"><div class="ydp7516e58eimage-information" style="padding: 0.3em 0px 1.5em;width: 836px;"><span class="ydp7516e58ecredit_photo" style="font-family: epocapro, Arial;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-transform: uppercase;text-align: right;">PHOTO D'ARCHIVES</span><span class="ydp7516e58ebas_de_vignette" style="font-family: epocapro, Arial;color: black;">L'actuelle secrétaire générale de la Francophonie, Louise Mushikiwabo, lors de son passage à l'Assemblée nationale en juin 2019.</span></div></div></div><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-container ydp7516e58eclearfix" style="padding: 10px 0px 30px;"><div class="ydp7516e58ehr-byline" style="width: 836px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;background-color: rgb(150, 0, 0);min-height: 2px;"></div><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-box ydp7516e58eclearfix" style="float: left;width: auto;"><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-info" style="vertical-align: top;"><div class="ydp7516e58epublication" style="color: rgb(179, 179, 179);float: left;font-family: epocapro, Arial;font-size: 0.666667em;"><div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-listing"><a href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/auteur/alexandre-robillard" style="background: transparent;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-name" style="color: rgb(150, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 1.6em;text-transform: uppercase;">ALEXANDRE ROBILLARD</div></a> <div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-name ydp7516e58einfo-only" style="color: rgb(150, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 1.6em;text-transform: uppercase;"></div></div><span itemprop="dateCreated" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">Vendredi, 20 novembre 2020 01:00</span><span itemprop="dateModified" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date">MISE À JOUR Vendredi, 20 novembre 2020 01:00</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-section-narrow ydp7516e58etx-courant" style="width: 750px;max-width: 750px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;color: rgb(33, 33, 33);font-size: 1.2em;font-family: "Droid Serif", Arial;"><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-main-txt" id="ydp7516e58eStoryDetailBody5fb739e2648c5d55b78b448d"><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>QUÉBEC</strong> <strong>|</strong> <strong>L'opacité continue à l'Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF), où des rapports de dépenses et d'audit demeurent cachés, ce qui est contraire aux règles de transparence adoptées après la controverse entourant la gestion de son ex-secrétaire générale Michaëlle Jean.</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>• À lire aussi: </strong><a href="https://www.journaldequebec.com/2020/11/18/voitures-de-fonction-malgre-des-congediements-a-la-francophonie" style="background: transparent;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(229, 21, 33);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Voitures de fonction malgré des congédiements à la Francophonie</a></p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Une politique adoptée en 2018 par les États et gouvernements membres de l'OIF oblige la divulgation de plusieurs documents, dont des rapports de vérification externe et interne ainsi que les dépenses du cabinet de l'actuelle secrétaire générale, Louise Mushikiwabo.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Dès le début du mandat de M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo, l'organisation a publié plusieurs documents, comme l'exigeaient les nouvelles règles.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">La rémunération de base de la secrétaire générale, soit 275 000 $, a ainsi été rendue publique pour la première fois sur le site internet de l'OIF, en 2019. Les états financiers de 2018, dernier exercice de M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Jean, ont également été publiés.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Aucune trace cependant des rapports annuels du vérificateur externe ou de l'auditeur interne, tant pour la dernière année complétée, 2019, que pour les précédentes. Les constats dressés dans ces documents ont parfois été embarrassants, dans le passé, pour les dirigeants.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Désaccords</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Avant de quitter précipitamment ses fonctions en octobre, l'ex-administratrice Catherine Cano a pourtant affirmé, lors d'un passage à Montréal, que l'auditeur externe avait certifié les états financiers de l'année 2019.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Cano avait fait état d'un redressement des finances de l'OIF, après deux années de déficits consécutifs totalisant 7 millions $. </p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">L'administratrice, qui selon l'OIF aurait démissionné en raison de « désaccords », a dû resserrer les dépenses, notamment pour les déplacements.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Silence</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Oria Vande Weghe, porte-parole de M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo, a refusé de donner suite aux demandes de notre Bureau d'enquête pour obtenir les plus récents documents.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">« Nous préférons [...] vous référer à notre site internet où toutes nos activités sont relayées, et ce, dans la plus grande transparence », a-t-elle répondu.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Un examen méticuleux des documents disponibles révèle toutefois l'absence des rapports de vérification et d'audit. </p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">Les dépenses du cabinet de M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo sont également introuvables.</p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;">En 2017, M<span style="font-size: 18px;vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Jean, ex-gouverneure générale du Canada, s'est retrouvée au centre d'une controverse en raison des dépenses d'un demi-million de dollars pour l'aménagement de son appartement de fonction et de la hausse de ses frais de déplacement.</p><div class="ydp7516e58eelement-embed" style="font-size: 24px;margin: 1em 0px;"><div class="ydp7516e58eembedded-others" style="text-align: center;"><hr style="border-width: 2px 0px 0px;border-right-style: initial;border-bottom-style: initial;border-left-style: initial;border-right-color: initial;border-bottom-color: initial;border-left-color: initial;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);margin: 16px 0px;"></div></div><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Le cabinet de la secrétaire générale, Louise Mushikiwabo, a refusé nos demandes de documents.</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px;width: 718px;max-width: 100%;padding: 0px 0px 10px;margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong></strong></p><p class="ydp7516e58eMsoNormal" style="font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6156566840">Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées</a></p><div><br></div><div id="ydp38bcd9d6enhancr_card_6156566840" class="ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp38bcd9d6ymail-preserve-class ydp38bcd9d6ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, 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12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">L'opacité continue à l'Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF), où des rapports de dépenses et d'au...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; 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height: 0;">__,_._,___</div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--> Globe Cause Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12764262602453823225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-1387013445767478642020-11-20T21:02:00.000+00:002020-11-20T21:03:01.668+00:00Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><div><br></div><div><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-section-narrow ydp7516e58etitle-groupe" style="padding-top: 20px; width: 868px; max-width: 1000px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><h1 class="ydp7516e58emedium" style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 5.25em; line-height: 0.9; font-family: DharmaGothicE, Arial; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.02em;">Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées</h1><h3 class="ydp7516e58eexergue-inf" itemprop="description" style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1.35em; line-height: 1.2; font-family: epocapro, Arial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; color: rgb(150, 0, 0);">L'Organisation internationale de la francophonie toujours aussi opaque</h3><div id="ydp7516e58eStoryDetailSocialSharing5fb739e2648c5d55b78b448d" class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-wrapper" style="min-height: 36px;"><div class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-hitter"></div><div class="ydp7516e58esocial-bar-container ydp7516e58efade-in ydp7516e58esticky" style="margin: 0px; text-align: right; z-index: 3000004; padding: 0.28em 0.35em 0px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); width: 761.188px; min-height: 45px;"><div class="ydp7516e58eshares ydp7516e58efb ydp7516e58esharrre" data-url="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" data-count-url="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" data-count="45" style="float: left; vertical-align: top; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 4px; width: 186.797px;"><ul style="margin: 0px; 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vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; padding: inherit; width: 25px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 25px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></li><li class="ydp7516e58ein ydp7516e58esharrre" data-url="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" data-count-url="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" style="list-style-type: none; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1; font-family: epocapro, Arial; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.2em; width: 51.0312px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; float: left; text-align: center;"><img src="https://theme.journaldemontreal.com/assets/d606658/images/icon/social-media/icon-in.svg" alt="" class="ydp7516e58esvg" style="cursor: move; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; padding: inherit; width: 25px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 25px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></li></ul></div><div class="ydp7516e58eclearfix"></div></div></div><div id="ydp7516e58eStoryDetailMainElement5fb739e2648c5d55b78b448d" data-main-element-type="Photo" data-enable-docking="true" class="ydp7516e58estory-main-element ydp7516e58eembeded-element"><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-main-image" data-phototype="mainElement" style="position: relative; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; z-index: 1; width: 836px; margin: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"><img class="ydp7516e58estory-img ydp7516e58elazyloaded" data-aspect-ratio="auto" data-width="" alt="Periode des questions" data-srcset="https://m1.quebecormedia.com/emp/emp/60809346c0681187-6f75-4316-9666-53d8475c0cba_ORIGINAL.jpg?impolicy=crop-resize&x=0&y=0&w=2500&h=1787&width=480, https://m1.quebecormedia.com/emp/emp/60809346c0681187-6f75-4316-9666-53d8475c0cba_ORIGINAL.jpg?impolicy=crop-resize&x=0&y=0&w=2500&h=1787&width=960 2x" style="cursor: move; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 836px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" data-id="1605906104341"><div class="ydp7516e58eimage-information" style="padding: 0.3em 0px 1.5em; width: 836px;"><span class="ydp7516e58ecredit_photo" style="display: block; font-family: epocapro, Arial; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-weight: bold; line-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase; padding-bottom: 6px; text-align: right;">PHOTO D'ARCHIVES</span><span class="ydp7516e58ebas_de_vignette" style="font-family: epocapro, Arial; color: black;">L'actuelle secrétaire générale de la Francophonie, Louise Mushikiwabo, lors de son passage à l'Assemblée nationale en juin 2019.</span></div></div></div><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-container ydp7516e58eclearfix" style="padding: 10px 0px 30px;"><div class="ydp7516e58ehr-byline" style="width: 836px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(150, 0, 0); min-height: 2px;"></div><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-box ydp7516e58eclearfix" style="position: relative; display: table; float: left; width: auto;"><div class="ydp7516e58ebyline-info" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; line-height: 0.9em;"><div class="ydp7516e58epublication" style="color: rgb(179, 179, 179); float: left; font-family: epocapro, Arial; font-size: 0.666667em; line-height: 0.8em;"><div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-listing"><a href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/auteur/alexandre-robillard" style="background: transparent;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-name" style="color: rgb(150, 0, 0); display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-transform: uppercase; padding-top: 2px;">ALEXANDRE ROBILLARD</div></a> <div class="ydp7516e58eauthor-name ydp7516e58einfo-only" style="color: rgb(150, 0, 0); display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-transform: uppercase; padding-top: 2px;"></div></div><span itemprop="dateCreated" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date" style="display: block; line-height: 1.25;">Vendredi, 20 novembre 2020 01:00</span><span itemprop="dateModified" itemtype="https://schema.org/Date" style="display: block; line-height: 1.25;">MISE À JOUR Vendredi, 20 novembre 2020 01:00</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-section-narrow ydp7516e58etx-courant" style="width: 750px; max-width: 750px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; padding-bottom: 1em; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.45; font-family: "Droid Serif", Arial;"><div class="ydp7516e58earticle-main-txt" id="ydp7516e58eStoryDetailBody5fb739e2648c5d55b78b448d"><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>QUÉBEC</strong> <strong>|</strong> <strong>L'opacité continue à l'Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF), où des rapports de dépenses et d'audit demeurent cachés, ce qui est contraire aux règles de transparence adoptées après la controverse entourant la gestion de son ex-secrétaire générale Michaëlle Jean.</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>• À lire aussi: </strong><a href="https://www.journaldequebec.com/2020/11/18/voitures-de-fonction-malgre-des-congediements-a-la-francophonie" style="background: transparent; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(229, 21, 33);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Voitures de fonction malgré des congédiements à la Francophonie</a></p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Une politique adoptée en 2018 par les États et gouvernements membres de l'OIF oblige la divulgation de plusieurs documents, dont des rapports de vérification externe et interne ainsi que les dépenses du cabinet de l'actuelle secrétaire générale, Louise Mushikiwabo.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Dès le début du mandat de M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo, l'organisation a publié plusieurs documents, comme l'exigeaient les nouvelles règles.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">La rémunération de base de la secrétaire générale, soit 275 000 $, a ainsi été rendue publique pour la première fois sur le site internet de l'OIF, en 2019. Les états financiers de 2018, dernier exercice de M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Jean, ont également été publiés.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Aucune trace cependant des rapports annuels du vérificateur externe ou de l'auditeur interne, tant pour la dernière année complétée, 2019, que pour les précédentes. Les constats dressés dans ces documents ont parfois été embarrassants, dans le passé, pour les dirigeants.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Désaccords</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Avant de quitter précipitamment ses fonctions en octobre, l'ex-administratrice Catherine Cano a pourtant affirmé, lors d'un passage à Montréal, que l'auditeur externe avait certifié les états financiers de l'année 2019.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Cano avait fait état d'un redressement des finances de l'OIF, après deux années de déficits consécutifs totalisant 7 millions $. </p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">L'administratrice, qui selon l'OIF aurait démissionné en raison de « désaccords », a dû resserrer les dépenses, notamment pour les déplacements.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Silence</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Oria Vande Weghe, porte-parole de M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo, a refusé de donner suite aux demandes de notre Bureau d'enquête pour obtenir les plus récents documents.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">« Nous préférons [...] vous référer à notre site internet où toutes nos activités sont relayées, et ce, dans la plus grande transparence », a-t-elle répondu.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Un examen méticuleux des documents disponibles révèle toutefois l'absence des rapports de vérification et d'audit. </p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">Les dépenses du cabinet de M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Mushikiwabo sont également introuvables.</p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;">En 2017, M<span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">me</span> Jean, ex-gouverneure générale du Canada, s'est retrouvée au centre d'une controverse en raison des dépenses d'un demi-million de dollars pour l'aménagement de son appartement de fonction et de la hausse de ses frais de déplacement.</p><div class="ydp7516e58eelement-embed" style="font-size: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"><div class="ydp7516e58eembedded-others" style="text-align: center; clear: both;"><hr style="border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; min-height: 2px;"></div></div><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong>Le cabinet de la secrétaire générale, Louise Mushikiwabo, a refusé nos demandes de documents.</strong></p><p style="font-size: 24px; width: 718px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.35em auto;"><strong></strong></p><p class="ydp7516e58eMsoNormal" style="font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6156566840">Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées</a></p><div><br></div><div id="ydp38bcd9d6enhancr_card_6156566840" class="ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp38bcd9d6ymail-preserve-class ydp38bcd9d6ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/11/20/les-depenses-de-la-secretaire-generale-demeurent-cachees" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp38bcd9d6card-wrapper ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp38bcd9d6card ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp38bcd9d6card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/BkSVnDBxd.GzKV7gCFEKBQ--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://m1.quebecormedia.com/emp/emp/60809346c0681187-6f75-4316-9666-53d8475c0cba_ORIGINAL.jpg?impolicy=crop-resize&x=0&y=192&w=2500&h=1032&width=1200.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp38bcd9d6card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydp38bcd9d6card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp38bcd9d6card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp38bcd9d6card-info ydp38bcd9d6yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp38bcd9d6card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Les dépenses de la secrétaire générale demeurent cachées</h2><p class="ydp38bcd9d6card-richinfo-primary" style="font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin:0 0 4px 0;color:#979ba7">Alexandre Robillard</p><p class="ydp38bcd9d6card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">L'opacité continue à l'Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF), où des rapports de dépenses et d'au...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-45720893445364269812020-11-19T16:04:00.001+00:002020-11-19T16:04:51.637+00:00[africaforum] L’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie à la croisée des chemins<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><div class="ydp525e6e4bPostContent-header" style="font-stretch: inherit;font-size: medium;font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><h1 class="ydp525e6e4bPostContent-h1" style="font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 2.125em;font-family: inherit;margin: 24px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">L'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie à la croisée des chemins</h1></div><div class="ydp525e6e4bPostLayout-bigPicture ydp525e6e4bBigPicture ydp525e6e4bjs-bigPicture" style="font-stretch: inherit;font-size: medium;font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;background-attachment: initial;text-align: center;width: 1038px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i class="ydp525e6e4bBigPicture-caption" style="font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 60%;text-align: right;">Catherine Cano by TEDxKanata (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) — <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/tedxkanata/40892914995/in/photolist-jFZ3sN-8ULJre-6penyX-jFXGCD-25iydux-23Vi1Xj-25iyeAv-25zEe8C-25iydLz-25iySWx-H29X2k" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: inherit;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">TEDxKanata, </a>CC-BY</i></div><div class="ydp525e6e4bPostContent-lead ydp525e6e4bjs-textResizable" style="font-weight: bold;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 1.0625em;font-family: Georgia, serif;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(33, 33, 33);"><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">Francophonie : une réforme qui provoque des démissions et révocations en cascade.</p><div class="ydp525e6e4bsharedaddy ydp525e6e4bsd-sharing-enabled" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydp525e6e4brobots-nocontent ydp525e6e4bsd-block ydp525e6e4bsd-social ydp525e6e4bsd-social-official ydp525e6e4bsd-sharing" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><h3 class="ydp525e6e4bsd-title" style="font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 9pt;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">Vous aimez cet article ? Partagez le !</h3><div class="ydp525e6e4bsd-content" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><li class="ydp525e6e4bshare-facebook" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;float: left;min-height: 25px;"><div class="ydp525e6e4bfb-share-button ydp525e6e4bfb_iframe_widget" data="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/11/15/384337-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie-a-la-croisee-des-chemins" data="button_count" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: 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inherit;margin: 0px 0px 0px 3px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">E-mail</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp525e6e4bPostContent-body ydp525e6e4bText ydp525e6e4bjs-textResizable" style="font-stretch: inherit;font-size: medium;font-family: Georgia, serif;margin: 20px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(46, 46, 46);"><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">Par Isidore Kwandja Ngembo.</strong></p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Depuis l'arrivée de <a href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2018/07/03/319518-francophonie-le-choix-de-louise-mushikiwabo-un-camouflet-pour-le-canada" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(207, 33, 39);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Louise Mushikiwabo</a>, l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) vit des changements à la fois brutaux et radicaux qui ont des incidences considérables et affectent tant les ressources humaines que la mémoire organisationnelle, ainsi que les finances de l'organisation.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Point n'est besoin de rappeler ici le grand coup de balai sous le tapis de l'organisation qui a vu partir brutalement plusieurs directeurs alors que leurs contrats de travail étaient encore valides. La purge ne s'est arrêtée qu'au personnel de direction nommé par l'administration précédente.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Les numéros deux et trois de l'organisation en ont fait également les frais. Le directeur de cabinet Nicolas Groper tout comme l'administratrice de l'OIF Catherine Cano, nommés début 2019 pour une durée de quatre ans, <a href="https://mondafrique.com/lorganisation-iiternationale-de-la-francophonie-oif-en-crise/" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(207, 33, 39);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ont démissionné</a> successivement en novembre 2019 et octobre 2020, en raison des grandes divergences de vues qui subsistent en ce qui concerne le mode de gestion ainsi que la culture organisationnelle.</p><div class="ydp525e6e4bsygof5fb69630d9dff" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="ydp525e6e4bsas_50322" data="el" data="33427728231" data="smart_adserver" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Alors que Mme Cano était supposée venir redresser l'« opacité », le « manque de transparence », la « mauvaise gestion » de l'administration précédente, que s'est-il réellement passé pour qu'elle démissionne en catastrophe en moins de deux ans seulement ?</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Pendant ce temps, la Secrétaire générale poursuit assidûment ses efforts de réforme interne, dit-elle, <em style="font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">« pour dynamiser et rendre plus agile l'OIF, afin qu'elle puisse pleinement remplir sa mission et servir au mieux les populations de l'espace francophone, ainsi que ses États et gouvernements membres. »</em></p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Le Plan d'organisation de l'OIF pour la période 2020-2022, qui a été envoyé la semaine dernière aux Représentants personnels des chefs d'État et de gouvernement lors de la 112e session du Conseil permanent de la Francophonie (CPF) qui s'est tenue par vidéoconférence les 4 et 5 novembre derniers, au cours de laquelle on leur a demandé de l'adopter le même jour, prévoit <em style="font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">« des recrutements, des mutations, des redéfinitions de fonctions, des non-renouvellements d'engagements de durée déterminée, des suppressions de fonctions rendues vacantes par le départ à la retraite de leurs titulaires, des suppressions d'emplois et des résiliations d'engagements. »</em></p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Mais cette fois-ci, la vague de licenciements touche les fonctionnaires nommés pour une durée indéterminée. Les échos portés par le vent qui nous parviennent de Paris à propos des changements qui s'opèrent et leur impact éventuel sur les finances de l'organisation sont très inquiétants.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Aussitôt que l'adoption du Plan d'organisation 2020-2022 a été approuvée, un jour après, le vendredi 6 novembre, une vingtaine de personnes, au siège et dans les représentations extérieures, ont été appelées au téléphone pour un rendez-vous le lundi suivant, pour se voir remettre la lettre de licenciement, ce qui ne s'est jamais vu dans toute l'histoire de l'OIF. Le Comité de personnel censé défendre les intérêts du personnel n'a été informé de cette décision que ce même lundi 9 novembre dans la matinée.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Un fait curieux à souligner, au même moment où des secrétaires sont licenciées, une nouvelle secrétaire recrutée de l'extérieur a pris fonction cette semaine à la Direction de l'administration et des finances (DAF) dont la personne qui assure les fonctions de secrétaire fait partie de la liste des personnes licenciées.</p><div class="ydp525e6e4biwhhw5fb69630d9e6f" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="ydp525e6e4bsas_52019" data="el" data="13213986897" data="smart_adserver" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;">« La démission surprise, le 16 octobre 2020, de la Canadienne, Catherine Cano, de son poste d'administratrice de l'OIF, révèle une crise qui est beaucoup plus profonde qu'un simple problème relationnel. Venant d'apprendre le licenciement d'une vingtaine de membres du personnel de l'organisation, je ne peux que déplorer et avoir une pensée particulière pour chacun d'entre eux. »</em>, dixit une ex-fonctionnaire de l'OIF.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">En lisant la sonnette d'alarme ci-dessous tirée par cette dame qui a travaillé pendant 32 ans pour l'OIF, on mesure bien le degré de déception de la marche actuelle de l'OIF, <a href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/01/06/361630-50-ans-apres-ou-va-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie" style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(207, 33, 39);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6765451329">cinquante ans après</a>.</p><div><br></div><div id="ydp272e1786enhancr_card_6765451329" class="ydp272e1786yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp272e1786ymail-preserve-class ydp272e1786ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/01/06/361630-50-ans-apres-ou-va-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/01/06/361630-50-ans-apres-ou-va-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie" class="ydp272e1786yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp272e1786card-wrapper ydp272e1786yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px;"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp272e1786card ydp272e1786yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp272e1786card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/LwZdUoaIXRgaeXTBMTkhrw--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://www.contrepoints.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Louise-Mushikiwabo-2016-by-Ministry-of-EnvironmentCC-BY-ND-2.0-.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/LwZdUoaIXRgaeXTBMTkhrw--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://www.contrepoints.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Louise-Mushikiwabo-2016-by-Ministry-of-EnvironmentCC-BY-ND-2.0-.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp272e1786card-overlay-container-table ydp272e1786yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp272e1786card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent;min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp272e1786yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp272e1786card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydp272e1786card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydp272e1786card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp272e1786card-info ydp272e1786yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp272e1786card-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">50 ans après, où va l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie ?</h2><p class="ydp272e1786card-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Face au défi d'amener les pays ayant depuis peu accédé à l'indépendance, à se sortir du carcan colonial et se dé...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">En tant qu'observateur avisé qui suit attentivement depuis plusieurs années le fonctionnement de l'OIF, je partage entièrement le point de vue de madame qui croit à une crise beaucoup plus profonde qu'un simple problème relationnel.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">En effet, je suis persuadé que l'administratrice n'a pas démissionné, mais a été sommée de présenter sa démission. Si tel est le cas, est-il possible que Mme Cano ait quelques squelettes dans son placard qui, une fois dévoilés, risqueraient de mettre en cause la Secrétaire générale ? Sinon, comment expliquer la virulence avec laquelle la porte-parole de la Secrétaire générale s'en prenait à la démissionnaire ?</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Toute chose étant égale par ailleurs, nous sommes de ceux qui pensent que pour assurer le bon fonctionnement futur de l'Organisation, il est absolument nécessaire pour le Canada de faire toute la lumière sur le motif réel de ce départ précipité que personne n'a vu venir et de connaître ce qui s'est réellement passé pour qu'on en arrive là, avant d'envisager la nomination d'un nouvel administrateur.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">De mémoire récente, l'actuelle Secrétaire générale de la Francophonie a obtenu des États et gouvernements membres, une plus grande flexibilité en matière d'embauche qu'aucun autre avant elle n'avait obtenu. C'est ainsi qu'elle avait procédé, en septembre dernier, à la nomination de sept nouveaux directeurs dans les Représentations permanentes et directions régionales, sans lancer d'appel d'offres et sans concours en vertu du Statut du personnel de l'OIF.</p><p style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Toutefois, comme cela a été le cas pour plusieurs autres fonctionnaires ayant obtenu des dommages-intérêts pour les préjudices subis, il y a fort à parier sans doute que les fonctionnaires qui viennent d'être remerciés brutalement, alors que nombreux d'entre eux avaient des contrats à durée indéterminés, vont également recourir aux instances judiciaires appropriées pour faire prévaloir leurs droits et obtenir gain de cause.</p><div style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;">Alors que l'OIF assiste impuissante à une diminution persistante des contributions volontaires à l'appui de ses activités et que certains États et gouvernements membres ne paient pas leurs contributions dans le délai requis, pour faire face aux défis auxquels sont confrontés les programmes sur le terrain, il y a lieu de craindre sérieusement que le règlement de tous ces litiges coûteux vienne aggraver davantage la situation financière de l'organisation déjà précaire.</div><div style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;" dir="ltr" data="false"><div> <p class="ydp125371f0MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/11/15/384337-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie-a-la-croisee-des-chemins" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_5882117200">L'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie à la croisée des chemins</a></p><div><br></div><div id="ydpa3e16d4aenhancr_card_5882117200" class="ydpa3e16d4ayahoo-link-enhancr-card ydpa3e16d4aymail-preserve-class ydpa3e16d4aymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/11/15/384337-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie-a-la-croisee-des-chemins" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2020/11/15/384337-lorganisation-internationale-de-la-francophonie-a-la-croisee-des-chemins" class="ydpa3e16d4ayahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" 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style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydpa3e16d4acard-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydpa3e16d4acard-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydpa3e16d4acard-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydpa3e16d4acard-info ydpa3e16d4ayahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydpa3e16d4acard-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">L'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie à la croisée des chemins</h2><p class="ydpa3e16d4acard-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Francophonie : une réforme qui provoque des démissions et révocations en cascade.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br></div><div style="font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;text-align: justify;"><br></div></div></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4211;_ylc=X3oDMTJxN3RhZ3R1BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjExBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNTgwMTg4Mg--?act=reply&messageNum=4211">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20L%E2%80%99Organisation%20internationale%20de%20la%20Francophonie%20%C3%A0%20la%20crois%C3%A9e%20des%20chemins" style="text-decoration: 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20px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to change</h1><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__shares" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;" dir="ltr" data="false"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=113191652055439&href=http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.F&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change&locale=en_US" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;color: inherit;outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=Biden%20picks%20Africa%20specialists%20in%20transition%20team%20but%20policy%20unlikely%20to%20change%20-%20http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.W" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link--desktop ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;color: inherit;outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.T&via=RFI_En&related=LA_Bagnetto&text=Biden%20picks%20Africa%20specialists%20in%20transition%20team%20but%20policy%20unlikely%20to%20change&lang=en" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;color: inherit;outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><div><p class="ydpf8a096MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 21pt;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><i style="background-color: rgb(253, 248, 105);"><span style="font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;">She [ </span><b><span style="font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;">Susan Rice</span> ]</b><span style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;">also formerly worked for Kagame as an advisor.</span></i></p> <p class="ydpf8a096MsoNormal" style="background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;background-color: rgb(253, 248, 105);"><i>While working as the US ambassador to the UN, the US State Department, in a rare move, <a href="http://www..theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color:#E2001A;padding:0in;">distanced themselves from Rice's claim </span></a>that the 2012 attack on the US embassy compound in Benghazi, Libya, which killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and 3 other Americans, was a reaction to a movie that was screened earlier in the week.</i></span></p> <div><i> </i></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__dates" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="ydp2ef51867m-pub-dates" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-pub-dates__date" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px;">Issued on: 17/11/2020 - 18:42</span></p></div><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__main-media" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__img-wrapper" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 551.25px;width: 980px;background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><img src="https://s.rfi.fr/media/display/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6/w:980/p:16x9/AP100609014095.webp" alt="A file photo of South Sudan President Salva Kiir (l) and then-US Vice President Joe Biden in Kenya." class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__img" data="{"url":"https:\/\/s.rfi.fr\/media\/display\/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6\/","filename":"AP100609014095.jpg","ratio":null,"displayFormat":"16x9"}" style="width: 100%;max-width: 800px;"></div><span class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__caption__legend">A file photo of South Sudan President Salva Kiir (l) and then-US Vice President Joe Biden in Kenya..</span> <span class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__caption__credits" style="margin: 0px 2px;">ASSOCIATED PRESS - Sayyid Azim</span></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time" style="margin: 0px 22px 22px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time__authors" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author" style="margin: 0px 0px 3px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author__by-label" style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Text by:</span><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/laura-angela-bagnetto" title="Laura Angela Bagnetto" class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author__name" style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Laura Angela Bagnetto</a><a class="ydp2ef51867a-twitter-follow-button" href="https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=LA_Bagnetto" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px;padding: 4px 6px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);outline: none;background-color: rgb(40, 169, 224);" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Follow</a></div></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time__reading-time" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 15px;padding: 0px;"><span class="ydp2ef51867svg" title="Reading time"></span>3 min</div></div><p class="ydp2ef51867t-content__chapo" style="margin: 0px auto 28px;padding: 0px;font-weight: 700;max-width: 850px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Although many African political experts look with renewed hope to the administration being put in place by US President-elect Joe Biden, others believe that only the tone of American policy will change towards the African continent, not the substance.</p><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__body ydp2ef51867u-clearfix" style="margin: 0px auto 20px;padding: 0px;max-width: 850px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-interstitial" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;float: right;"><div data class="ydp2ef51867m-interstitial__ad" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;width: 300px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad" data="box" data="resized" data="1" data="dfp" data="fmm" style="margin: 0px 0px 40px;padding: 0px;width: 300px;max-width: 300px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label--report-enabled" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;width: 300px;background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);text-align: center;text-transform: uppercase;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);min-height: 25px;"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label__text">ADVERTISING</span><button title="Report this ad" class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label__report-link" data style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);outline: none;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;font-style: inherit;"></button></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__content" id="ydp2ef51867tms-block-3977345889650623" data="CPv4sej6ju0CFRDzGwodbk8C7A" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;width: 300px;min-height: 600px;"><div style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">"I think that there's a general expectation globally that the Biden administration will reverse the four-year nightmare…looking for a reset in US relations on Africa, but I don't see any major change," says Sebastian Spio-Garbrah, head of <a href="http://www.daminaadvisors.com/" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Da Mina Advisors</a>, a political risk consultancy with offices in New York.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">He is referring to President Donald Trump's disdain for Africa, the discriminatory visa restrictions against Sudan, Somalia, and even Chad at one point. Trump reportedly described some African nations as <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/general/20180113-african-nations-demand-apology-fortrumps-shithole-slur" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">"shithole" countries</a>, and mispronounced the names of others, including Namibia and <a href="http://vine.co/v/iPZ2P1vxXwZ" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tanzania</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">"For instance, the sanctions on Zimbabwe. Is Biden going to lift them? I don't think so," adds Spio-Garbrah.</p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;"><strong>Democracy vs trade</strong></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">Renewed efforts at maintaining or furthering trade ties are likely to take a back seat to issues like democracy, according to Spio-Garbrah. But the possible installation of Nigerian economist Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as the head of the World Trade Organization would definitely push African concerns to the forefront, he says.</p><div class="ydp2ef51867tms-ad" id="ydp2ef51867tms-ad-inread-18393298218504395" data="inread" data="teads" data="loaded" style="margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;max-width: 530px;font-size: 0px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-inread ydp2ef51867sm-screen" style="margin: 2px 0px 30px;padding: 0px;max-width: 530px;min-height: 408px;"><div style="margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-left: 0px;padding: 0px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-ui-components-adchoices" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-left: 0px;padding: 1px;width: 15px;font-family: arial;font-size: 11px;cursor: pointer;background-attachment: initial;background-color: initial;"></div><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-ui-components-label" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-left: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(154, 154, 154);background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);min-height: 25px;">PUBLICITÉ</div><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-player" id="ydp2ef51867teads0" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-left: 0px;padding: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">"I believe the Biden admin supports her, <a href="http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/dgsel_28oct20_e.htm" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">as Trump has not</a>," he adds.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">"Even though Africa will be part of the agenda, I would expect the focus to be largely about democracy, not about economics…and expect the Biden administration to be much more muscular in their response in terms of sanctions, going publicly against those regimes in Africa where there are bad elections," says Spio-Garbrah.</p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;"><strong>Cabinet picks</strong></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">Biden is slated to name his cabinet on Tuesday, but it is already evident who he is surrounding himself with regarding the Africa agenda. One name that has been repeatedly floated – even as potential vice president – is Susan Rice, who has held a number of positions related to Africa from the Clinton administration onwards, including as policy advisor, assistant Secretary of State for Africa, former UN ambassador, and national security advisor under the Obama administration.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">She is currently part of the Biden transition team, and has long had a professional relationship with him.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">But she carries <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/opinion/susan-rice-africa.html?searchResultPosition=1" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a lot of baggage</a> from past handling of crises on the African continent, from Libya to Rwanda.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">She has been repeatedly accused of<a href="http://www.pambazuka.org/governance/susan-rice-and-africa%E2%80%99s-unholy-trinity" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> sidling up to African leaders</a> considered to be dictators, including Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and Rwanda's Paul Kagame.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">UN watchers remember that she held back a UN report that indicated <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/world/un-envoy-rice-faulted-for-rwanda-tie-in-congo-conflict.html" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Kagame supported M23 rebel</a> fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo, as a way of <a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/12/03/how-rice-dialed-down-the-pressure-on-rwanda/" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">shielding him from criticism, or even sanctions</a>..</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">She also formerly worked for Kagame as an advisor.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">While working as the US ambassador to the UN, the US State Department, in a rare move, <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6670561627">distanced themselves from Rice's claim </a>that the 2012 attack on the US embassy compound in Benghazi, Libya, which killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and 3 other Americans, was a reaction to a movie that was screened earlier in the week.</p><div><br></div><div id="ydp3857cfccenhancr_card_6670561627" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp3857cfccymail-preserve-class ydp3857cfccymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard-wrapper ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px;"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-primary-image-cell" background="https://s..yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/QSldECZP92czkWnud9EdHA--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/ydtZx-qD3YvntCihrBzdu0J7Oq0=/0x329:3500x2152/960x500/media/old_wire/img/upload/2012/10/10/RTR31VX7/original.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/QSldECZP92czkWnud9EdHA--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://cdn.theatlantic..com/thumbor/ydtZx-qD3YvntCihrBzdu0J7Oq0=/0x329:3500x2152/960x500/media/old_wire/img/upload/2012/10/10/RTR31VX7/original.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard-overlay-container-table ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent;min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydp3857cfcccard-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp3857cfcccard-info ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp3857cfcccard-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">State Department Disowns Susan Rice's Libya Narrative</h2><p class="ydp3857cfcccard-richinfo-primary" style="font-size:12px;margin:0 0 4px 0;color:#979ba7;">John Hudson</p><p class="ydp3857cfcccard-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">In an unusual display of disunity, State Department officials have disowned remarks by one of their top official...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">"If she is named Secretary of State I believe Africa would have some importance in the general orientation of the administration," says Spio-Garbrah. "Even if she is named, the traditional needs and roles of the American government is still Europe and Asia to a degree. I do not see a major focus on Africa," he adds, weighing the geopolitical balance.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px;padding: 0px;">On the positive side, Biden has included retired and much-respected <a href="http://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/former-us-ambassador-to-liberia-linda-thomas-greenfield-leads-biden-harris-transition-team-for-state-department-amid-president-trumps-refusal-to-concede/" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(226, 0, 26);outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6763609298">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, the former assistant Secretary of State for African affairs and former US ambassador to Liberia to head the Biden-Harris transition team.</p><div><br></div><div id="ydp45dda03enhancr_card_6763609298" class="ydp45dda03yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp45dda03ymail-preserve-class ydp45dda03ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width: 400px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" 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align="center" class="ydp45dda03card-info ydp45dda03yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp45dda03card-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">Former US Ambassador to Liberia Linda Thomas-Greenfield Leads Biden-Harr...</h2><p class="ydp45dda03card-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Monrovia – United States President-elect Joe Biden has appointed former U.S. Ambassador to Liberia, Linda Thomas...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a><div class="loadingSpinnerContainer" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;"><div class="D_F F_n gl_C ab_C H_6MGW o_h"><div class="W_6MGW H_6MGW D_X ah_1PEzoz" data="loading_indicator"><svg class="W_6MGW H_6MGW ah_Zq6hUs" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path class="cdPFi_n cZ13pKbK_Z2aVTcY cZ1XO2Ji_dRA c2abBOT_EY cZ1vNhDV_rd cZV8aCd_pI ah_14s73" d="M12,22C6.477,22,2,17.523,2,12S6.477,2,12,2"></path><path class="cdPFi_n cZ13pKbK_Z2aVTcY cZ1XO2Ji_dRA c2abBOT_EY cZ1vNhDV_rd cZV8aCd_pI ah_14s73" d="M12,2c5.523,0,10,4.477,10,10s-4.477,10-10,10"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" data="false"><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6594078290">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to 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cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp5d22f187card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent;min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%;min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp5d22f187card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td class="ydp5d22f187card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top;"><div class="ydp5d22f187card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp5d22f187card-info ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp5d22f187card-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to...</h2><p class="ydp5d22f187card-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Although many African political experts look with renewed hope to the administration being put in place by US Pr...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" 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height: 0;">__,_._,___</div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--> Globe Cause Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12764262602453823225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-40703974980736334842020-11-19T15:56:00.001+00:002020-11-19T15:56:40.283+00:00Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to change<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><h1 class="ydp2ef51867t-content__title ydp2ef51867a-page-title" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to change</h1><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__shares" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none;" dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=113191652055439&href=http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.F&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Fafrica%2F20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change&locale=en_US" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: inherit; outline: none; display: inherit;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=Biden%20picks%20Africa%20specialists%20in%20transition%20team%20but%20policy%20unlikely%20to%20change%20-%20http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.W" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link--desktop ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: inherit; outline: none; display: inherit;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Frfi.my%2F6qQZ.T&via=RFI_En&related=LA_Bagnetto&text=Biden%20picks%20Africa%20specialists%20in%20transition%20team%20but%20policy%20unlikely%20to%20change&lang=en" class="ydp2ef51867m-share-bar__link ydp2ef51867a-picto-social ydp2ef51867svg" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: inherit; outline: none; display: inherit;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a><div><p class="ydpf8a096MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 21pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><i style="background-color: rgb(253, 248, 105);"><span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">She [ </span><b style=""><span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Susan Rice</span> ]</b><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">also formerly worked for Kagame as an advisor.</span></i></p> <p class="ydpf8a096MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background-color: rgb(253, 248, 105);"><i style="">While working as the US ambassador to the UN, the US State Department, in a rare move, <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" style=""><span style="color:#E2001A;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">distanced themselves from Rice's claim </span></a>that the 2012 attack on the US embassy compound in Benghazi, Libya, which killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and 3 other Americans, was a reaction to a movie that was screened earlier in the week.</i></span></p> <div><i> </i></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__dates" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="ydp2ef51867m-pub-dates" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(154, 154, 154);"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-pub-dates__date" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px;">Issued on: 17/11/2020 - 18:42</span></p></div><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__main-media" style="margin: 0px 22px 20px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__img-wrapper" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 551.25px; border: none; width: 980px; position: relative; background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><img src="https://s.rfi.fr/media/display/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6/w:980/p:16x9/AP100609014095.webp" alt="A file photo of South Sudan President Salva Kiir (l) and then-US Vice President Joe Biden in Kenya." class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__img" data-image-dataset="{"url":"https:\/\/s.rfi.fr\/media\/display\/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6\/","filename":"AP100609014095.jpg","ratio":null,"displayFormat":"16x9"}" style="width: 100%; max-width: 800px;"></div><span class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__caption__legend">A file photo of South Sudan President Salva Kiir (l) and then-US Vice President Joe Biden in Kenya.</span> <span class="ydp2ef51867m-figure__caption__credits" style="margin: 0px 2px;">ASSOCIATED PRESS - Sayyid Azim</span></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time" style="margin: 0px 22px 22px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time__authors" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author" style="margin: 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(154, 154, 154); line-height: 1.4;"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author__by-label" style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Text by:</span><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/laura-angela-bagnetto" title="Laura Angela Bagnetto" class="ydp2ef51867m-from-author__name" style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Laura Angela Bagnetto</a><a class="ydp2ef51867a-twitter-follow-button" href="https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=LA_Bagnetto" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 6px; border: none; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; background-color: rgb(40, 169, 224); border-radius: 2px;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Follow</a></div></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-author-n-reading-time__reading-time" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 15px; padding: 0px; border: none;"><span class="ydp2ef51867svg" title="Reading time"></span>3 min</div></div><p class="ydp2ef51867t-content__chapo" style="margin: 0px auto 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 850px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Although many African political experts look with renewed hope to the administration being put in place by US President-elect Joe Biden, others believe that only the tone of American policy will change towards the African continent, not the substance.</p><div class="ydp2ef51867t-content__body ydp2ef51867u-clearfix" style="margin: 0px auto 20px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 850px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-interstitial" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; position: relative; float: right;"><div data-readmore-target="" class="ydp2ef51867m-interstitial__ad" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; border: none; width: 300px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad" data-tms-ad-type="box" data-tms-ad-status="resized" data-tms-ad-pos="1" data-tms-ad-provider="dfp" data-tms-ad-owner="fmm" style="margin: 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; border: none; width: 300px; max-width: 300px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label--report-enabled" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; width: 300px; line-height: 25px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(154, 154, 154); min-height: 25px;"><span class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label__text">ADVERTISING</span><button title="Report this ad" class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__label__report-link" data-tms-ad-report="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; color: rgb(154, 154, 154); outline: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; cursor: pointer;"></button></div><div class="ydp2ef51867m-block-ad__content" id="ydp2ef51867tms-block-3977345889650623" data-google-query-id="CPv4sej6ju0CFRDzGwodbk8C7A" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; width: 300px; position: relative; min-height: 600px;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; position: relative;"></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">"I think that there's a general expectation globally that the Biden administration will reverse the four-year nightmare…looking for a reset in US relations on Africa, but I don't see any major change," says Sebastian Spio-Garbrah, head of <a href="http://www.daminaadvisors.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Da Mina Advisors</a>, a political risk consultancy with offices in New York.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">He is referring to President Donald Trump's disdain for Africa, the discriminatory visa restrictions against Sudan, Somalia, and even Chad at one point. Trump reportedly described some African nations as <a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/general/20180113-african-nations-demand-apology-fortrumps-shithole-slur" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">"shithole" countries</a>, and mispronounced the names of others, including Namibia and <a href="http://vine.co/v/iPZ2P1vxXwZ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tanzania</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">"For instance, the sanctions on Zimbabwe. Is Biden going to lift them? I don't think so," adds Spio-Garbrah.</p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;"><strong>Democracy vs trade</strong></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">Renewed efforts at maintaining or furthering trade ties are likely to take a back seat to issues like democracy, according to Spio-Garbrah. But the possible installation of Nigerian economist Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as the head of the World Trade Organization would definitely push African concerns to the forefront, he says.</p><div class="ydp2ef51867tms-ad" id="ydp2ef51867tms-ad-inread-18393298218504395" data-tms-ad-type="inread" data-tms-ad-provider="teads" data-tms-ad-status="loaded" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 530px; line-height: 0; font-size: 0px;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-inread ydp2ef51867sm-screen" style="margin: 2px 0px 30px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 530px; min-height: 408px;"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; position: relative; margin-bottom: 0px !important;"><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-ui-components-adchoices" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 1px; border: none; width: 15px; line-height: 15px; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; cursor: pointer; background-size: 15px 15px; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; z-index: 1; margin-bottom: 0px !important; min-height: 15px;"></div><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-ui-components-label" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(154, 154, 154); background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); margin-bottom: 0px !important; text-align: center !important; text-transform: uppercase !important; line-height: 25px !important; letter-spacing: inherit !important; min-height: 25px;">PUBLICITÉ</div><div class="ydp2ef51867teads-player" id="ydp2ef51867teads0" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; z-index: 99; margin-bottom: 0px !important;"></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">"I believe the Biden admin supports her, <a href="http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/dgsel_28oct20_e.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">as Trump has not</a>," he adds.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">"Even though Africa will be part of the agenda, I would expect the focus to be largely about democracy, not about economics…and expect the Biden administration to be much more muscular in their response in terms of sanctions, going publicly against those regimes in Africa where there are bad elections," says Spio-Garbrah.</p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;"><strong>Cabinet picks</strong></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">Biden is slated to name his cabinet on Tuesday, but it is already evident who he is surrounding himself with regarding the Africa agenda. One name that has been repeatedly floated – even as potential vice president – is Susan Rice, who has held a number of positions related to Africa from the Clinton administration onwards, including as policy advisor, assistant Secretary of State for Africa, former UN ambassador, and national security advisor under the Obama administration.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">She is currently part of the Biden transition team, and has long had a professional relationship with him.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">But she carries <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/opinion/susan-rice-africa.html?searchResultPosition=1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a lot of baggage</a> from past handling of crises on the African continent, from Libya to Rwanda.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">She has been repeatedly accused of<a href="http://www.pambazuka.org/governance/susan-rice-and-africa%E2%80%99s-unholy-trinity" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> sidling up to African leaders</a> considered to be dictators, including Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and Rwanda's Paul Kagame.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">UN watchers remember that she held back a UN report that indicated <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/world/un-envoy-rice-faulted-for-rwanda-tie-in-congo-conflict.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Kagame supported M23 rebel</a> fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo, as a way of <a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/12/03/how-rice-dialed-down-the-pressure-on-rwanda/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">shielding him from criticism, or even sanctions</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">She also formerly worked for Kagame as an advisor.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">While working as the US ambassador to the UN, the US State Department, in a rare move, <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6670561627">distanced themselves from Rice's claim </a>that the 2012 attack on the US embassy compound in Benghazi, Libya, which killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and 3 other Americans, was a reaction to a movie that was screened earlier in the week.</p><div><br></div><div id="ydp3857cfccenhancr_card_6670561627" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp3857cfccymail-preserve-class ydp3857cfccymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/state-department-disowns-susan-rices-libya-narrative/322679/" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard-wrapper ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/QSldECZP92czkWnud9EdHA--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/ydtZx-qD3YvntCihrBzdu0J7Oq0=/0x329:3500x2152/960x500/media/old_wire/img/upload/2012/10/10/RTR31VX7/original.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-size: cover; position: relative; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/QSldECZP92czkWnud9EdHA--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/ydtZx-qD3YvntCihrBzdu0J7Oq0=/0x329:3500x2152/960x500/media/old_wire/img/upload/2012/10/10/RTR31VX7/original.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfcccard-overlay-container-table ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%; min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydp3857cfcccard-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp3857cfcccard-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp3857cfcccard-info ydp3857cfccyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp3857cfcccard-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">State Department Disowns Susan Rice's Libya Narrative</h2><p class="ydp3857cfcccard-richinfo-primary" style="font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin:0 0 4px 0;color:#979ba7">John Hudson</p><p class="ydp3857cfcccard-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">In an unusual display of disunity, State Department officials have disowned remarks by one of their top official...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">"If she is named Secretary of State I believe Africa would have some importance in the general orientation of the administration," says Spio-Garbrah. "Even if she is named, the traditional needs and roles of the American government is still Europe and Asia to a degree. I do not see a major focus on Africa," he adds, weighing the geopolitical balance.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: none; line-height: 1.4;">On the positive side, Biden has included retired and much-respected <a href="http://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/former-us-ambassador-to-liberia-linda-thomas-greenfield-leads-biden-harris-transition-team-for-state-department-amid-president-trumps-refusal-to-concede/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(226, 0, 26); outline: none;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6763609298">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, the former assistant Secretary of State for African affairs and former US ambassador to Liberia to head the Biden-Harris transition team.</p><div><br></div><div id="ydp45dda03enhancr_card_6763609298" class="ydp45dda03yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp45dda03ymail-preserve-class ydp45dda03ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width: 400px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", 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0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp45dda03card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp45dda03card-info ydp45dda03yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp45dda03card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Former US Ambassador to Liberia Linda Thomas-Greenfield Leads Biden-Harr...</h2><p class="ydp45dda03card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Monrovia – United States President-elect Joe Biden has appointed former U.S. Ambassador to Liberia, Linda Thomas...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a><div class="loadingSpinnerContainer" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);"><div class="D_F F_n gl_C ab_C H_6MGW o_h"><div class="W_6MGW H_6MGW D_X ah_1PEzoz" data-test-id="loading_indicator"><svg class="W_6MGW H_6MGW ah_Zq6hUs" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path class="cdPFi_n cZ13pKbK_Z2aVTcY cZ1XO2Ji_dRA c2abBOT_EY cZ1vNhDV_rd cZV8aCd_pI ah_14s73" d="M12,22C6.477,22,2,17.523,2,12S6.477,2,12,2"></path><path class="cdPFi_n cZ13pKbK_Z2aVTcY cZ1XO2Ji_dRA c2abBOT_EY cZ1vNhDV_rd cZV8aCd_pI ah_14s73" d="M12,2c5.523,0,10,4.477,10,10s-4.477,10-10,10"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_6594078290">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to change</a><br></div><div><br></div><div id="ydp5d22f187enhancr_card_6594078290" class="ydp5d22f187yahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp5d22f187ymail-preserve-class ydp5d22f187ymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20201117-biden-picks-africa-specialists-in-transition-team-but-policy-unlikely-to-change" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp5d22f187yahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp5d22f187card-wrapper ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp5d22f187card ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp5d22f187card-primary-image-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/v3L_FTc2Ys2Y.e_5ZadQhQ--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://s.rfi.fr/media/display/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6/w:1280/p:16x9/AP100609014095.jpg.cf.jpg" bgcolor="#000000" valign="top" height="175" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-size: cover; position: relative; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"><v:fill type="frame" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/v3L_FTc2Ys2Y.e_5ZadQhQ--~A/Zmk9ZmlsbDt3PTQwMDtoPTIwMDthcHBpZD1pZXh0cmFjdA--/https://s.rfi.fr/media/display/8d41c69e-28e3-11eb-8245-005056bf87d6/w:1280/p:16x9/AP100609014095.jpg.cf.jpg"/></v:rect><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp5d22f187card-overlay-container-table ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp5d22f187card-overlay-cell" background="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png" bgcolor="transparent" valign="top" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; min-height: 175px;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><v:rect fill="true" stroke="false" style="width:396px;height:175px;position:absolute;top:-18px;left:0;"><v:fill type="pattern" color="#000000" src="https://s.yimg.com/cv/ae/nq/storm/assets/enhancrV21/1/enhancr_gradient-400x175.png"/><v:textbox inset="0,0,20px,0"><![endif]--><table border="0" class="ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" height="175" style="width: 100%; min-height: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td class="ydp5d22f187card-richInfo2" style="text-align:left;padding:15px 0 0 15px;vertical-align:top"></td><td class="ydp5d22f187card-actions" style="text-align:right;padding:15px 15px 0 0;vertical-align:top"><div class="ydp5d22f187card-share-container"></div></td></tr></tbody></table><!--[if gte mso 9]></v:textbox></v:rect><![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table border="0" align="center" class="ydp5d22f187card-info ydp5d22f187yahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp5d22f187card-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Biden picks Africa specialists in transition team but policy unlikely to...</h2><p class="ydp5d22f187card-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">Although many African political experts look with renewed hope to the administration being put in place by US Pr...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-2143720586363658952020-11-19T15:48:00.003+00:002020-11-19T15:48:30.700+00:00[africaforum] Fw: *DHR* BBC-RWANDA: The loyalty oath keeping Rwandans abroad in check<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="ydpe7278ddfyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div></div> <div><br></div></div><div id="ydpd79c2816yahoo_quoted_6619066418" class="ydpd79c2816yahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"> <div><div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978"> <span> </span> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-msg"> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-text"> <p></p><div dir="ltr"><div><h1 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1c1994u-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-main-heading" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;outline-style: none;">The loyalty oath keeping Rwandans abroad in check</h1><p class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-15hnagr-Contributor ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5xb54n0" style="padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(63, 63, 66);">By Andrew Harding</span><br clear="none">Africa correspondent, BBC News</span></p><div style="padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><dl class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-11c8au8-MetadataStrip ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb0" style="padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"></dl><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb1" style="padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: nowrap;max-width: 100%;"><dl><dt class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">Published</dt><dd class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1n98t8y-MetadataContent ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;max-width: 100%;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hizfh0-MetadataSnippet ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ecn1o5v0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: bottom;max-width: 100%;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1n712b9-IconContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ecn1o5v2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;width: 1em;min-height: 1em;"></span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">2 hours ago</span></span></dd></dl></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-vk3nhx-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 450px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="A screengrab of people at the Rwanda's High Commission in London pledging an oath of loyalty to the RPF" src="https://c..files.bbci.co.uk/81F9/production/_115537233_976549_take-two_blur_v2.jpg" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 100%;max-width: 800px;"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;background: rgb(63, 63, 66);color: rgb(238, 238, 238);text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>YOUTUBE</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">image caption</span>The footage, which the BBC has chosen to blur, shows members of the group promising to fight "enemies" of Rwanda</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><b class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-14iz86j-BoldText ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Leaked footage of a controversial "oath" ceremony at the Rwandan High Commission in London has fuelled allegations of an aggressive global crackdown on dissent by the authoritarian government of the small East African nation, dubbed the new "North Korea" by its critics.</b></p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Members of the Rwandan diaspora have told the BBC that such ceremonies are commonplace and designed to instil fear and obedience.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">One man said his relatives back in Rwanda had been abducted and possibly killed to punish him for refusing to co-operate... The Rwandan authorities have dismissed the allegations as false and unsubstantiated.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">In the video footage, recently circulated on WhatsApp, more than 30 individuals can be seen standing in a crowded conference room at the Rwandan embassy in the UK, raising their hands and pledging loyalty to the governing party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"If I betray you or stray from the RPF's plans and intentions, I would be betraying all Rwandans and must be punished by hanging," the group says, in Kinyarwanda, while also promising to fight "enemies of Rwanda, wherever they may be".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">The RPF's use of an embassy - which in London is close to Marylebone Station - for an overtly political pledge is, in itself, noteworthy..</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">'They're terrified'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">But, while some of those attending the ceremony - understood to have taken place in 2017 - may well have been genuine supporters of the governing party, now living abroad, others have told the BBC that many attendees were there under duress.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1kgou70-ComponentWrapper-IncludeComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i83" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-izm1x7-Id2FixWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i85" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicContainer-iky41v-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-htQseS ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-renderReady" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;background-color: rgb(242, 239, 236);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImage-s1jp862x-1 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dtAYqF" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;max-width: 743px;width: 384px;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__Image-s1jp862x-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-lmLsXj" src="https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/idt2/assets/06a84e53-bb39-46aa-b053-cdf8031da614" alt="David Himbara" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 384px;" data="true" data="1605800800614"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImgCaption-s1jp862x-2 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eAaODa" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px;padding: 5px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 12px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;max-width: 100%;">BBC</div></div><blockquote class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicQuote-s138d390-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eZwimE" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px;padding: 16px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(64, 64, 64);width: 384px;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicText-k82lbm-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-itIXgb" style="margin: 0px;padding: 11px 0px 25px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 20px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">"This is what happens everywhere. It's routine. Either you take [the oath] or you are [the] enemy. It is black and white"</div><cite class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Cite-qnk335-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-bHAJgM" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">David Himbara</strong><br clear="none">Ex-adviser to President Kagame</cite></blockquote></div></div></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1rix78v-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 1.28125px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="1px transparent line" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 624px;max-width: 624px;" data="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"I am certain the majority of people taking that oath did not believe it. We were lying to protect ourselves and our families back in Rwanda," said one person who was - according to our investigation - present at the ceremony, but who asked us not to reveal their name for fear of reprisals.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"This is what happens everywhere. It's routine. Either you take [the oath] or you are [the] enemy. It is black and white," said David Himbara, who was once a senior adviser to Rwanda's President Paul Kagame.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">He is a Canadian citizen, academic and activist who says his life has repeatedly been threatened by Rwanda's security services.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"The vast majority go because they're terrified. They think that if they don't go, something will happen to their family [in Rwanda]," said Rene Mugenzi, a British-Rwandan human rights activist, who was recently convicted of theft in the UK and jailed.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"You need to be active [in the RPF]. Even if you are neutral… they suspect you to be supporting opposition groups," he said.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Asked about the "oath" ceremony, the Rwandan High Commission replied, by email, that members of the diaspora used its conference room for a variety of cultural engagements and that participation in an RPF loyalty pledge was legal and "entirely of their own choice and no-one is forced to do so".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">'My brothers were abducted'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">But the BBC has heard new evidence that Rwanda's government has not only sought to threaten members of the diaspora seen as disloyal, but also that it seeks to punish such people by targeting their relatives still living in Rwanda.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 450px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="Jean Nsengimana (L) and Antonine Zihabamwe (R)" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/15AE3/production/_115230888_compositebrothers976.png" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 100%;max-width: 800px;" data="true"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;background: rgb(63, 63, 66);color: rgb(238, 238, 238);text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>NOEL ZIHABAMWE</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">image caption</span>Family photos of Jean Nsengimana (L) and Antonine Zihabamwe (R), who have been missing for more than a year</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"In order to intimidate me, they abducted my two brothers. They were never involved in politics. They were on Rwanda soil. Why should they be paying such a heavy price for doing nothing?" asked an emotional Noel Zihabamwe, from his home in Australia.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Mr Zihabamwe is a prominent member of the Rwandan diaspora in Sydney, who came to the country as a refugee in 2006, seeking to escape what he saw as an increasingly stifling and repressive political climate.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">He says his refusal to actively support the RPF government prompted a public death threat from a visiting Rwandan diplomat in late 2017, which he reported to the Australian authorities.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1kgou70-ComponentWrapper-IncludeComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i83" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-izm1x7-Id2FixWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i85" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicContainer-iky41v-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dkfFzK ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-renderReady" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;background-color: rgb(242, 239, 236);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImage-s1jp862x-1 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dtAYqF" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;max-width: 743px;width: 384px;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__Image-s1jp862x-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-lmLsXj" src="https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/idt2/assets/8a4d9265-6a41-41b2-8be1-a80ea61a9804" alt="Noel Zihabamwe" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 384px;" data="true" data="1605800800584"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImgCaption-s1jp862x-2 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-kYuNOL" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px;padding: 5px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 12px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;max-width: 100%;">Noel Zihabamwe</div></div><blockquote class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicQuote-s138d390-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eZwimE" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px;padding: 16px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;color: rgb(64, 64, 64);width: 384px;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicText-k82lbm-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-itIXgb" style="margin: 0px;padding: 11px 0px 25px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: 20px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">They often use this kind of kidnapping or murdering family members. This has to stop. We have had enough"</div><cite class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Cite-qnk335-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-bHAJgM" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Noel Zihabamwe</strong><br clear="none">A Rwandan living in Australia</cite></blockquote></div></div></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1rix78v-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 1.28125px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="1px transparent line" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 624px;max-width: 624px;" data="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">That was followed by the alleged abduction of his two brothers, Jean Nsengimana and Antonine Zihabamwe, who were reportedly taken off a bus by police officers near the Rwandan town of Karangazi in September 2019 and have not been seen again.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"They often use this kind of kidnapping or murdering family members. This has to stop. We have had enough," Mr Zihabamwe said.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"We would like to see the Rwandan government restore democratic rights to all citizens, cease targeted killings, kidnappings, illegal arrests and campaigns of intimidation of former citizens, like me, who are living overseas," added Mr Zihabamwe, who now believes his brothers are probably dead and has decided to speak out in public, despite what he believes are considerable risks for himself and his extended family.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"Why can't they let the family know where their bodies are, so we can organise a formal funeral? There are many Rwandans outside who have lost or missed their beloved ones..</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"I want to speak against injustice. We need leadership that can stand for everyone, not for some," he told the BBC.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">'No basis to allegations'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London dismissed Mr Zihabamwe's allegations as "tired and recycled" falsehoods and a "cheap ploy by political detractors to get free media attention".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer 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baseline;width: 640px;max-width: 640px;" data="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">You may also be interested in:</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div 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economies.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"Their view is - we can do what we like, kill who we like," said one source, speaking on condition of anonymity.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" 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1px;border-top-style:initial;border-right-style:initial;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-style:initial;border-top-color:initial;border-right-color:initial;border-bottom-color:rgb(186,186,186);" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this year after he was spirited back to the country to face trial on terrorism charges</a>.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">The death earlier this year, in police custody, of the popular gospel singer Kizito Mihigo also stirred huge anger.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 450px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="Kizito Mihigo" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/0D76/production/_111064430_kizedit.jpg" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 100%;max-width: 800px;" data="true"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;background: rgb(63, 63, 66);color: rgb(238, 238, 238);text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>KIZITO MIHIGO/FACEBOOK</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;width: 1px;min-height: 1px;">image caption</span>Gospel singer Kizito Mihigo was found dead earlier this year, at the age of 38, in a police cell</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">Kizito, as he was popularly known, had tried to cross Rwanda's border illegally, the authorities said. They say he killed himself - a version which is widely disputed in the diaspora and by many analysts.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"If you're Rwandan, it's simply safer to stay silent," said Sarah Jackson, Amnesty International's deputy director for East Africa.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"The Rwandan authorities have a whole toolbox of tactics that they use to supress dissent at home and abroad, ranging from harassment to threats to illegal detention, disappearances, torture, and even extending to returning Rwandan dissidents from other countries back to Rwanda without going through extradition proceedings… and to threatening family members too."</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London said such allegations had no basis, and were being spread by a "handful of opponents… in order to damage the image and continued development journey of Rwanda".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: 500;font-stretch: inherit;font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;">'Totalitarianism'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">President Kagame officially secured almost 99% of the vote in Rwanda's last presidential election in 2017.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">In London, Abdulkarim Ali, an official in the opposition Rwandan National Congress, said: "Either you pay allegiance to the RPF or… you become an enemy of the state. We normally compare it to North Korea."</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">In Canada, Mr Himbara described the Rwandan government's ideology as one of "totalitarianism - a government that wants to control all aspects of the Rwandan people, even in the diaspora".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London said the government's main focus was to lift Rwandans out of poverty and create a good quality of life and opportunities for all of them..</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;font-stretch: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-family: inherit;vertical-align: baseline;">"The focus of the High Commission is not on a handful of opponents who consistently spread false information in order to damage the image and continued development journey of Rwanda."</p></div></div></div><a shape="rect" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54801979" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54801979</a><div><br clear="all"><div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><b><i style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0);"><font size="1">SIBOMANA Jean Bosco. </font></i></b><b style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:x-small;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:rgb(0,255,0);"><i>Mes Tweets sont éphémères: leur durée de vie maximale est de 24 heures.. </i></b><font size="1"><i><b><font style="background-color:rgb(0,255,0);" color="#0000ff">Mes albums photos sont archivés sur Google Photos. Visit links section on my FACEBOOK: </font></b></i></font><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Https://www.facebook.com/jeanbosco.sibomana.3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Https://www.facebook.com/jeanbosco.sibomana.3</a> FLICKR: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Https://www.flickr.com/people/154302350@N04/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Https://www.flickr.com/people/154302350@N04/</a> YOUTUBE: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D&feature=mh_lolz" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D&feature=mh_lolz</a> TWITTER: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="https://twitter.com/sibomanaxyz987" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://twitter.com/sibomanaxyz987</a></i></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;"></div> <div> </div> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978fromDMARC" style="margin-top:10px;"> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Envoyé par : Ambassadeur Sibomana Jean Bosco <sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div> </div> <br></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4209;_ylc=X3oDMTJxOWN2bzI3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA5BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwNTgwMDkwMQ--?act=reply&messageNum=4209">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Fw%3A%20%2ADHR%2A%20BBC-RWANDA%3A%20The%20loyalty%20oath%20keeping%20Rwandans%20abroad%20in%20check" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20Fw%3A%20%2ADHR%2A%20BBC-RWANDA%3A%20The%20loyalty%20oath%20keeping%20Rwandans%20abroad%20in%20check" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmcDhqZGQxBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDU4MDA5MDE-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4209;_ylc=X3oDMTM1MTBwMTA3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA5BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwNTgwMDkwMQR0cGNJZAM0MjA5" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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height: 0;">__,_._,___</div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--> Globe Cause Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12764262602453823225noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-17787863923019098642020-11-19T15:48:00.001+00:002020-11-19T15:48:21.111+00:00Fw: *DHR* BBC-RWANDA: The loyalty oath keeping Rwandans abroad in check<div class="ydpe7278ddfyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div></div> <div><br></div></div><div id="ydpd79c2816yahoo_quoted_6619066418" class="ydpd79c2816yahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"> <div><div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978"> <span style="display:none;"> </span> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-msg" style="z-index:1;"> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ygrp-text"> <p></p><div dir="ltr"><div><h1 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1c1994u-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-main-heading" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none;">The loyalty oath keeping Rwandans abroad in check</h1><p class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-15hnagr-Contributor ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5xb54n0" style="padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(63, 63, 66);">By Andrew Harding</span><br clear="none">Africa correspondent, BBC News</span></p><div style="padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><dl class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-11c8au8-MetadataStrip ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb0" style="padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"></dl><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb1" style="padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%;"><dl><dt class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px;">Published</dt><dd class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1n98t8y-MetadataContent ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1ojgjhb2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 100%;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hizfh0-MetadataSnippet ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ecn1o5v0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: bottom; max-width: 100%;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1n712b9-IconContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ecn1o5v2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; width: 1em; min-height: 1em;"></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2 hours ago</span></span></dd></dl></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-vk3nhx-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 450px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="A screengrab of people at the Rwanda's High Commission in London pledging an oath of loyalty to the RPF" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/81F9/production/_115537233_976549_take-two_blur_v2.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%; max-width: 800px;"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(63, 63, 66); color: rgb(238, 238, 238); text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>YOUTUBE</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">image caption</span>The footage, which the BBC has chosen to blur, shows members of the group promising to fight "enemies" of Rwanda</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-14iz86j-BoldText ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Leaked footage of a controversial "oath" ceremony at the Rwandan High Commission in London has fuelled allegations of an aggressive global crackdown on dissent by the authoritarian government of the small East African nation, dubbed the new "North Korea" by its critics.</b></p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Members of the Rwandan diaspora have told the BBC that such ceremonies are commonplace and designed to instil fear and obedience.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">One man said his relatives back in Rwanda had been abducted and possibly killed to punish him for refusing to co-operate.. The Rwandan authorities have dismissed the allegations as false and unsubstantiated.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">In the video footage, recently circulated on WhatsApp, more than 30 individuals can be seen standing in a crowded conference room at the Rwandan embassy in the UK, raising their hands and pledging loyalty to the governing party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"If I betray you or stray from the RPF's plans and intentions, I would be betraying all Rwandans and must be punished by hanging," the group says, in Kinyarwanda, while also promising to fight "enemies of Rwanda, wherever they may be".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The RPF's use of an embassy - which in London is close to Marylebone Station - for an overtly political pledge is, in itself, noteworthy.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">'They're terrified'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">But, while some of those attending the ceremony - understood to have taken place in 2017 - may well have been genuine supporters of the governing party, now living abroad, others have told the BBC that many attendees were there under duress.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1kgou70-ComponentWrapper-IncludeComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i83" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-izm1x7-Id2FixWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i85" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicContainer-iky41v-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-htQseS ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-renderReady" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(242, 239, 236);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImage-s1jp862x-1 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dtAYqF" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 743px; width: 384px; min-height: 200px;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__Image-s1jp862x-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-lmLsXj" src="https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/idt2/assets/06a84e53-bb39-46aa-b053-cdf8031da614" alt="David Himbara" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 384px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" data-id="1605800800614"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImgCaption-s1jp862x-2 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eAaODa" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 100%;">BBC</div></div><blockquote class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicQuote-s138d390-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eZwimE" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); width: 384px;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicText-k82lbm-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-itIXgb" style="margin: 0px; padding: 11px 0px 25px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"This is what happens everywhere. It's routine. Either you take [the oath] or you are [the] enemy. It is black and white"</div><cite class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Cite-qnk335-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-bHAJgM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">David Himbara</strong><br clear="none">Ex-adviser to President Kagame</cite></blockquote></div></div></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1rix78v-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.28125px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="1px transparent line" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 624px; max-width: 624px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"I am certain the majority of people taking that oath did not believe it. We were lying to protect ourselves and our families back in Rwanda," said one person who was - according to our investigation - present at the ceremony, but who asked us not to reveal their name for fear of reprisals.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"This is what happens everywhere. It's routine. Either you take [the oath] or you are [the] enemy. It is black and white," said David Himbara, who was once a senior adviser to Rwanda's President Paul Kagame.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">He is a Canadian citizen, academic and activist who says his life has repeatedly been threatened by Rwanda's security services.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The vast majority go because they're terrified. They think that if they don't go, something will happen to their family [in Rwanda]," said Rene Mugenzi, a British-Rwandan human rights activist, who was recently convicted of theft in the UK and jailed.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"You need to be active [in the RPF]. Even if you are neutral… they suspect you to be supporting opposition groups," he said.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Asked about the "oath" ceremony, the Rwandan High Commission replied, by email, that members of the diaspora used its conference room for a variety of cultural engagements and that participation in an RPF loyalty pledge was legal and "entirely of their own choice and no-one is forced to do so".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">'My brothers were abducted'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">But the BBC has heard new evidence that Rwanda's government has not only sought to threaten members of the diaspora seen as disloyal, but also that it seeks to punish such people by targeting their relatives still living in Rwanda.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 450px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="Jean Nsengimana (L) and Antonine Zihabamwe (R)" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/15AE3/production/_115230888_compositebrothers976.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%; max-width: 800px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(63, 63, 66); color: rgb(238, 238, 238); text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>NOEL ZIHABAMWE</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">image caption</span>Family photos of Jean Nsengimana (L) and Antonine Zihabamwe (R), who have been missing for more than a year</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"In order to intimidate me, they abducted my two brothers. They were never involved in politics. They were on Rwanda soil. Why should they be paying such a heavy price for doing nothing?" asked an emotional Noel Zihabamwe, from his home in Australia.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr Zihabamwe is a prominent member of the Rwandan diaspora in Sydney, who came to the country as a refugee in 2006, seeking to escape what he saw as an increasingly stifling and repressive political climate.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">He says his refusal to actively support the RPF government prompted a public death threat from a visiting Rwandan diplomat in late 2017, which he reported to the Australian authorities.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1kgou70-ComponentWrapper-IncludeComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i83" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-izm1x7-Id2FixWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i85" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicContainer-iky41v-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dkfFzK ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-renderReady" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(242, 239, 236);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImage-s1jp862x-1 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-dtAYqF" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 743px; width: 384px; min-height: 200px;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__Image-s1jp862x-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-lmLsXj" src="https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/idt2/assets/8a4d9265-6a41-41b2-8be1-a80ea61a9804" alt="Noel Zihabamwe" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 384px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" data-id="1605800800584"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Img__PicImgCaption-s1jp862x-2 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-kYuNOL" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 5px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 100%;">Noel Zihabamwe</div></div><blockquote class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicQuote-s138d390-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978eZwimE" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); width: 384px;"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-PicText-k82lbm-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-itIXgb" style="margin: 0px; padding: 11px 0px 25px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">They often use this kind of kidnapping or murdering family members. This has to stop. We have had enough"</div><cite class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-Cite-qnk335-0 ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-bHAJgM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Noel Zihabamwe</strong><br clear="none">A Rwandan living in Australia</cite></blockquote></div></div></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1rix78v-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.28125px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="1px transparent line" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 624px; max-width: 624px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">That was followed by the alleged abduction of his two brothers, Jean Nsengimana and Antonine Zihabamwe, who were reportedly taken off a bus by police officers near the Rwandan town of Karangazi in September 2019 and have not been seen again.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"They often use this kind of kidnapping or murdering family members. This has to stop. We have had enough," Mr Zihabamwe said.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"We would like to see the Rwandan government restore democratic rights to all citizens, cease targeted killings, kidnappings, illegal arrests and campaigns of intimidation of former citizens, like me, who are living overseas," added Mr Zihabamwe, who now believes his brothers are probably dead and has decided to speak out in public, despite what he believes are considerable risks for himself and his extended family.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Why can't they let the family know where their bodies are, so we can organise a formal funeral? There are many Rwandans outside who have lost or missed their beloved ones.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"I want to speak against injustice. We need leadership that can stand for everyone, not for some," he told the BBC.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">'No basis to allegations'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London dismissed Mr Zihabamwe's allegations as "tired and recycled" falsehoods and a "cheap ploy by political detractors to get free media attention".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; 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padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1exovz1-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2.5px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="2px presentational grey line" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/1226D/production/_105894347_grey_line-nc.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 640px; max-width: 640px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">But allegations such as these are considered credible by many researchers, human rights groups and foreign diplomats, who say the Rwandan authorities appear to have calculated that - despite provoking some criticism from Western governments - such actions, which have included several targeted assassinations abroad, never appear to result in any long-term damage to Rwanda's international relations.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan government has received widespread global praise and financial support, over decades, for its hugely successful development agenda, which has helped to combat poverty and transformed Rwanda into one of the continent's most impressive economies.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Their view is - we can do what we like, kill who we like," said one source, speaking on condition of anonymity.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The case of the man, feted internationally - his story was turned into the Hollywood film Hotel Rwanda - for sheltering people from the 1994 genocide, attracted global criticism earlier <a shape="rect" class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-yidnqd-InlineLink ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1no5rhv0" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-54147759" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-width:0px 0px 1px;border-top-style:initial;border-right-style:initial;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-style:initial;border-top-color:initial;border-right-color:initial;border-bottom-color:rgb(186,186,186);" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this year after he was spirited back to the country to face trial on terrorism charges</a>.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The death earlier this year, in police custody, of the popular gospel singer Kizito Mihigo also stirred huge anger.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i80" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c22" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1hq4gmv-Placeholder ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 450px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-evoj7m-Image ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978ee0ct7c0" alt="Kizito Mihigo" src="https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/0D76/production/_111064430_kizedit.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100%; max-width: 800px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></span><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(63, 63, 66); color: rgb(238, 238, 238); text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">IMAGE COPYRIGHT</span>KIZITO MIHIGO/FACEBOOK</span></div><span class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-178wc68-VisuallyHidden ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px; min-height: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">image caption</span>Gospel singer Kizito Mihigo was found dead earlier this year, at the age of 38, in a police cell</div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Kizito, as he was popularly known, had tried to cross Rwanda's border illegally, the authorities said. They say he killed himself - a version which is widely disputed in the diaspora and by many analysts.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"If you're Rwandan, it's simply safer to stay silent," said Sarah Jackson, Amnesty International's deputy director for East Africa.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Rwandan authorities have a whole toolbox of tactics that they use to supress dissent at home and abroad, ranging from harassment to threats to illegal detention, disappearances, torture, and even extending to returning Rwandan dissidents from other countries back to Rwanda without going through extradition proceedings… and to threatening family members too."</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London said such allegations had no basis, and were being spread by a "handful of opponents… in order to damage the image and continued development journey of Rwanda".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i82" style="font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><h2 class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-1jlqpzd-StyledHeading ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; font-family: ReithSerif, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">'Totalitarianism'</h2></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">President Kagame officially secured almost 99% of the vote in Rwanda's last presidential election in 2017.</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">In London, Abdulkarim Ali, an official in the opposition Rwandan National Congress, said: "Either you pay allegiance to the RPF or… you become an enemy of the state. We normally compare it to North Korea."</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">In Canada, Mr Himbara described the Rwandan government's ideology as one of "totalitarianism - a government that wants to control all aspects of the Rwandan people, even in the diaspora".</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Rwandan High Commission in London said the government's main focus was to lift Rwandans out of poverty and create a good quality of life and opportunities for all of them..</p></div></div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e1xue1i81" style="padding:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:16px;font-family:ReithSans, Helvetica, Arial, freesans, sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(63,63,66);"><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail-css-83cqas-RichTextContainer ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978e5tfeyi2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The focus of the High Commission is not on a handful of opponents who consistently spread false information in order to damage the image and continued development journey of Rwanda."</p></div></div></div><a shape="rect" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54801979" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54801979</a><div><br clear="all"><div><div class="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><b><i style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0);"><font size="1">SIBOMANA Jean Bosco. </font></i></b><b style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:x-small;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:rgb(0,255,0);"><i>Mes Tweets sont éphémères: leur durée de vie maximale est de 24 heures. </i></b><font size="1"><i><b><font style="background-color:rgb(0,255,0);" color="#0000ff">Mes albums photos sont archivés sur Google Photos. Visit links section on my FACEBOOK: </font></b></i></font><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Https://www.facebook.com/jeanbosco.sibomana.3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Https://www.facebook.com/jeanbosco.sibomana.3</a> FLICKR: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Https://www.flickr.com/people/154302350@N04/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Https://www.flickr.com/people/154302350@N04/</a> YOUTUBE: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="Http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D&feature=mh_lolz" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D&feature=mh_lolz</a> TWITTER: </i></b><b style="font-size:x-small;"><i style="background-color:rgb(255,255,0);"><a shape="rect" href="https://twitter.com/sibomanaxyz987" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://twitter.com/sibomanaxyz987</a></i></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <div id="ydpd79c2816yiv9002790978fromDMARC" style="margin-top:10px;"> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Envoyé par : Ambassadeur Sibomana Jean Bosco <sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <br></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-82943468728821531002020-10-30T11:40:00.000+00:002020-10-30T11:42:55.445+00:00Fw: [ibukabose_rengerabose] Fw: Rwanda: deteriorating human rights and security situation<div class="ydpa4895054yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div></div> <div><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-size: 13px;"> Rwanda: deteriorating human rights and security situation</span><br></div></div><div id="ydp6592a926yahoo_quoted_4910200108" class="ydp6592a926yahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"><div><br></div> <div><div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162"><div> <span style="display:none;"> </span> <div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ygrp-msg" style="z-index:1;"> <div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ygrp-text"> <p></p><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp114f9ce7yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:24px;"><div style="font-size:24px;"></div> <div><ul class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376hd_n ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376P_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376M_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_R" style="list-style-position:initial;padding:20px;font-family:Times New Roman;"><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf1" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1pf1" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1pc1 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style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">s@</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">gmail.c</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">om</span></font></span><font size="3"><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0" style="letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><br clear="none"></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">H.E. Amb. Smail Chergui, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Commissioner, Peace and Security, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">African Union (AU) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Addis Ababa, Ethiopia </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">October 20, 2020 </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Your Excellency, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">We, a coalition of 37 organizations, write to you in your capacity as the Ch<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>airperson of the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">African Commission on Peace and Security (The Commission), to appeal you to urgently </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">address the deteriorating human rights and security situation in Rwanda. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">We reiterate that Rwanda continues to face allegations of human rights violations that are </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">of an extremely serious nature. These allegations have been <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>found credible by none less </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">than Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and UN panel on human rights. <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.024px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Several well-grounded allegations exist about the extreme lack of fundamental freedoms in </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda, which it is charged, has resulted in serio<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>us violations of freedom of expression, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">association and movement, as well as entrenched impunity and serious human rights </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">violations. Together, these make Rwanda the most acute human rights abuser within the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Great Lakes region.. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Your excellency, we draw your attention to grave human rights violations in Rwanda that </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">have been internationally recognised and reports of ongoing human rights<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> violatio<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.024px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ns th<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.024px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>at </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">are regularly highlighted. Despite Rwanda's repeated denial, these serious and persistent </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">violations have been widely documented by Hum<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>an Rights bodies for the past 26 years. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">They also led to a UN Human Rights Council resolution on the country earlier this year. The </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has always named Rwanda among <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.024px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>the top 10 </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">countries in the world that have gone unpunished for intimidation and reprisals against </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">critics. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Your excellency, in 1994, Rwanda suffered a tragedy that left over one million of its citizens </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">dead as a result of war and genocide. The war an<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>d genocide resulted in immense suffering </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">to millions more. The war and genocide have had far-reaching repercussions for both </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-1ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda and the Great Lakes region of Central Africa as a whole. </font></div></div><a shape="rect" class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376l" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><font size="3"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-1m1" style="border-style:none;width:173.04px;min-height:23.81px;"></div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf2" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2pf2" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2pc2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:243.36px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">President Kagame is perceived by most outsiders as both invincible and indispe<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nsable to </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">national and regional stability. There is, however, more to R<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>wanda and Paul Kagame than </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">new buildings, clean streets, and efficient government than Pre<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff2" style="font-family:pg-2ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">sident Kagame's famous </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">friends in high places in Europe and America care<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> to admit. Rwanda is essentially a hard <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.36px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-</font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">line, one-party, secretive police state with a façade of democracy. The ruling party, <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), has closed space for political participation. The RPF does not </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">tolerate political opposition or open competition for power. The governme<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nt ensures its </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">monopoly of power by means of draconian restrictions on the exercise of the fundamental </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">human rights of citizens. The press, civil society and opposition parties are deprived of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">freedom to operate freely. President Kagame and the ruling party that he<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> leads have always </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">depended on repression to stay in power. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">State institutions, especially law enforcement age<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ncies, the judiciary a<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.36px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nd security services, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">serve to protect the RPF's, and ultimately Kagame's power monopoly instead of <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>protecting </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the fundamental human rights of citizens. Repression has again become p<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>articularly acute in </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">recent months. There have been assassination attempts, killings and enforced </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">disappearances of members of the press and political opposition within and outside </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda. Purges of political enemies, real and imagined, within the ruling <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>party government </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">continue unabated. These purges have now been extended to the military. A climate of fear </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">and terror has enveloped the nation. Rwanda is in crisis. The situation tha<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>t prevails raises </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">serious questions about the country's future. <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1" style="font-family:pg-2ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff12;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:49.1484px;"><font size="3">Current Political status </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda is a one-party dictatorship under President Kagame. President Kagame has </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">effectively corrupted the founding ideals of the RPF. Through RPF, Presi<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>dent Kagame denies </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the people of Rwanda the opportunity to exercise their fundamental huma<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>n rights, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">particularly the right of political participation. President Kagame is both corrupt and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">authoritarian. He uses repression to ensure his continued monopoly of power. State </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">institutions violate the most fundamental human <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>rights of the people, including the right to </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">life and the integrity of the person, to keep the P<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>res<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.36px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ident Kagame in power. State security </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">institutions enjoy impunity for grave human rights violations against<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> critics and opponents </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">of the government. President Kagame's abuse of the institutio<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ns of the state to support his </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">quest for absolute power and economic gain is criminalising the fabric of the Rwandan state. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff12;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:49.1484px;"><font size="3">Judicial system </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y23 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Your excellency, in Rwanda, the functioning of th<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>e justice system is constrained by lack of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y24 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">judicial independence. The judiciary does not enjoy independence. The in<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>dependence of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y25 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rw<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0" style="font-family:pg-2ffb;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">anda's judiciary is compromised by the executive. The President, through the control t<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>hat </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y26 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">he exercises over the Senate Chamber of the legislature, controls most se<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nior judges </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2y27 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-2ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">(including the Supreme Court) and through them, the rest of the judiciary. Most o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-2_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.36px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>f the </font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf3" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3pf3" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3pc3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:243.36px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">members of the judiciary are cadres of the ruling party, Rwanda Patriotic F<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ront (RPF). The </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">RPF compels its members who have been appointed to the judiciary to co<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ntinue to owe </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">allegiance to the party; to participate in some activities of the party a<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nd<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> to pay financial </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">contributions to the party's campaign and daily o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>peration.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1" style="font-family:pg-3ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Judicial authorities operate in a political co<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ntext where the executive continues to dominate </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the judiciary and where there is an official antipathy to views divergi<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ng from <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>those of the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">government and the dominant party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The judiciary is </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">particularly vulnerable to outside interference in c<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ases involving political issues. The </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">President, his close advisers and security services personnel<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> frequ<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ently coe<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>rce members of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the judiciary to make judicial decisions to suit the interests of the regim<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>e. Instead of being </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the protector and defender of citizens' fundamental human rights, the judiciary has become </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">one of the main tools by which the regime perpetuates authoritarian rule by persecuting </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">opponents and critics. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff12;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:49.1484px;"><font size="3">Persecution of Political Opponents </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The regime in Rwanda has for years jailed politic<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>al opponents and disqualified them from </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">running for office. Since the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front took power, Rwandans have </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">faced huge, and often deadly, obstacles to participating in public life and v<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>oicing criticism of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">government policies. Killings and disappearances need to be placed in the context of many </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">years of similar violence for which no one has yet been held to account. In this chilling </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">atmosphere, it is unsurprising that would-be government critics practice self-censorship. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The regime uses the coercive instruments of the state, that is <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>the military, security services </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">and police, to sustain the status quo in power against the will of the people. State security </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">officers continue to commit grave human rights abuses to suppress all political o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>pposition </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">and critics of government. Impunity for gross human rights abuses is <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>worse than it was prior </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">to the genocide. Rwanda remains deeply divided along ethnic li<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nes. As a result of these and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">other factors, Rwanda remains unstable and prone to violent, an<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>d identity<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-based conflict. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The report documents how opposition politicians, journalists and human rights d<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.912px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>efen<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ders </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">have faced restrictions on their rights to freedom of expression, associa<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>tion and peaceful </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">assembly in the two decades since the genocide. They have been jailed, physic<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ally attacked </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">–<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1" style="font-family:pg-3ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> even killed </span>–<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1" style="font-family:pg-3ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> and forced into exile or silence. </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Independent human rights defenders who criticize government policies or<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> are perceived as </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">opponents to government have faced different f<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>orms of attacks and restrictions in Rwanda. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y23 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">NGOs are subject to onerous <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2" style="font-family:pg-3ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">–</span> and costly <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2" style="font-family:pg-3ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">–</span> registration procedures. The nebulous charge of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y24 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">promoting 'genocide ideology' has been levied at international a<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nd domestic human rights </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3y25 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-3ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-3ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">organizations who criticize the government. </font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf4" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4pf4" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4pc4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:243.36px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda's history of political repression, attacks on opposition figures and dissenting voices </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">in the context of previous elections, stifles political debate and makes those who might<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">speak out think twice before taking the risk. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">People accused of crimes against state security continued to be arres<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ted and held </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">unlawfully in military camps. Many people held i<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>n these camps were <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.04px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>tortured in an attempt </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">to force them to confess or accuse others. Authorities conti<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nued to round up street </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">vendors, sex workers, street children, and o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ther poor people and detained them in so<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.04px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-called </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">transit centres across the country.. Conditions in these centres are harsh and inhumane, and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">beatings are common. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">For years, thousands of men, women, and children<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff2" style="font-family:pg-4ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">—</span>many of them street children, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">commercial sex workers, or street hawkers are <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>detained unlawfully, without charge or trial, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">in very poor conditions in an unrecognized detention centre commonly known as Kwa </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Kabuga, in the Gikondo area of Kigali. Many were beaten by police, or by o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ther detainees in </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the presence of police. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda has degenerated into a criminal state. Vi<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ctims of human rights <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.04px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>violations committed </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">against persons considered to be opponents of the government do not have an opportunity </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">for seeking redress from the courts. Agents of the<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> state are, to this day, still able to commi<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>t </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">grave human rights abuses that is killings, torture, and disappearances, without fear of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">being held accountable. Impunity for human rights violations is now far more deeply </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">entrenched in the Country, Rwanda. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff12;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:49.1484px;"><font size="3">Reconciliation </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The promotion of national reconciliation should have been the foremost priority <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwandan society in the aftermath of the genocide<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>. <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.04px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff2" style="font-family:pg-4ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Instead, President Kagame's pu</span>rsuit of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">absolute power, his intolerance for political opposition, persecuti<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>on of opponents and critics </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">of the regime and partisan nature of the processes of accountability <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>for past human rights </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">violations that Rwanda has undertaken, have all led to elusiveness of national unity and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">reconciliation. As a result of the policies that the regime <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>has pursued since it took control of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">government, Rwandan society remains deeply divided. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The politics of ethnicity remain intractable in Rwanda. Armed insurgents c<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ontinue <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.04px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>to wage </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">war against the Rwandan state from their sanctuaries in the Democratic R<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>epublic of Congo, </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">twenty-six years after the genocide.. Externally - based unarmed opposition has on several </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">occasions called for dialogue on how to resolve Rwanda's continuing <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1" style="font-family:pg-4ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">crisis, but the regime </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y23 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">has refused to heed to that call of negotiating with its opponents. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y24 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">The Kagame led regime has failed to engage and lead Rwandan society in genuine </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y25 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">reconciliation. The social conditions of post -genocide Rwanda remain constructed in terms </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4y26 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-4ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">of ethnic identity. The reconciliation that the Rwa<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-4_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nda regime envisions is politically </font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf5" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5pf5" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5pc5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:243.36px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">constructed on the terms of the ruling party - RPF and President Kagame, which are </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">insufficient for ensuring the long-term stability of Rwanda. Lack of national di<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>alogue on </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">reconciliation processes has very profound implications for the long -term stability of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda and the security of its population. There cannot be genuine reconciliation in </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda until the grievances of both Tutsis and Hutus communities<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> are well and genuinely </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">discussed. </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Your excellency, Rwanda is a member state of the AU, and it is expect<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ed <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>to uphold the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">human rights principles set out in AU's Constitutive Act. Your Excellency, <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>the on<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">-going </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">violations of human rights in Rwanda are not in keeping <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff2" style="font-family:pg-5ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">with the country's obligations and </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">domestic laws, including the constitution and maj<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>or international and regional human rights </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">instruments ratified by Rwanda. Paul Kagame and his regime violate objectives 3(g) and (h) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">of the Constitutive Act of the AU which enjoins AU member States to promote popular </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">participation and human and people's rights, respectively. Recalling the rol<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>e of the AU as </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the lead regional institution tasked to better the li<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ves of the people of Africa, and particula<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>r </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwandan citizens as in this case, we respectfully ask you to take measures to ensure tha<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>t </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the regime of president Paul Kagame restores respect for the r<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ule of law, ensures ample </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">protection of human rights and aligns its practices to ratified international and regional </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">human rights standards including the Constitutive Act of the AU a<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nd the African Charter on </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Human and Peoples' Rights. We respectfully ask you to consider including<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> the situation of </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">human rights in Rwanda as a point for discussion in the agenda of the next <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>Summit o<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>f the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the AU wit<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>h recommendations for the </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Summit to deliberate on asking the government of Rwanda to: </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">1.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Take steps to ensure full compliance with international and regio<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nal human rights </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">standards; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">2.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Release of all political prisoners, human rights campaigners and journalists; </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">3.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Respect separation of powers by refraining from interfering with the<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> system of </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">administration of justice; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">4.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Institute effective mechanisms to protect journali<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>sts, civil society groups and human </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.048px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">ri<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">ghts defenders who work for the promotion and protecti<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>on of human rights;<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_0" style="color:transparent;width:1.12px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">5.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Halt enforced disappearances, investigate and punish perpetrators of <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>enforced </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">disappearances; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">6.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Investigate and punish perpetrators and stop attack<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>s against political opponents, </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y23 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">peaceful decent and journalists; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y24 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">7.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0" style="font-family:pg-5ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_2" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1" style="font-family:pg-5ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Allow full and credible international investigation<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>s into all allegations concerning </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5x5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5y25 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-5ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-5ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">violations of international humanitarian law in the country; </font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf6" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6pf6" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6pc6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:347.04px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">8.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_0" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Respect the right to access to information and freedom of the media. In particular<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls2" style="unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">, </span></span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">lift the ban against independent press and media; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">9.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_0" style="color:transparent;width:21.92px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Investigate and take actions to punish perpetrators of torture and ensure assistance </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">and reparations to the victims; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">10.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_2" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Address lengthy pre-trial detention and release all detainees who are bein<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>g held in </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">pre-trial detention without proper charges; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">11.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_2" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Restore Constitutional provisions that guarantee separation of powers and <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>re<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-instate </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">the independence of the three branches of gover<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>nment; <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">12.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_2" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Promote a culture of dialogue and participation and comply with internation<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>ally and </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">regionally recognised standards on the rule of la<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>w and civic space<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>; </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">13.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_2" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Start direct dialogue with Rwandans in exile; and </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0.144px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">14.<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0" style="font-family:pg-6ff1a;letter-spacing:0px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_2" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">Accept dialogue with armed groups operating in DR Congo. </span></span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">CC: <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_4" style="color:transparent;width:58.256px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span>H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson, AU Commission </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">H.E. Amb. Dr. Namira Negm, AU Legal Counsel </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">H.E.. Amb. Augustino Njoroge, Interim Chairperson of the Reconstitute<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>d Joint </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (RJMEC) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Commissioner Solomon Dersso, Chairperson, African Commission on Human and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ffb;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Peoples' Rights (ACHPR)<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1" style="font-family:pg-6ff5;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span></font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">H.E. Amb. Mrs Hope Tumukunde Gasatura, Rwanda's Ambassador to Ethiopia and </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Permanent Representative to the African Union </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff12;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:45.2166px;"><font size="3"><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">S</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">i</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">g</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">n</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">a</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">to</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">r</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">i</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">e</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">s</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">:</span><span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0" style="text-shadow:none;color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"> </span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">1. Action citoyenne pour la Paix </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">2. Amahoro-<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls1" style="letter-spacing:0.144px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">PC</span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">3. Association des rescapés du génocide des réfugiés rwandais<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> au Congo (Ex<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-Zaïre- </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">RDC) ARGR-Intabaza </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">4. Centre de Lutte contre l'Impunité et l'Injustice<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> au Rwanda <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.136px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>(CLIIR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">5. Comité pour l'Unité, la Paix et la Réconciliation <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6_3" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>au Rwanda (CUPR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">6. Congrès rwandais du Canada (CRC) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">7. Convention Nationale Républicaine (CNR-Intwari) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y21 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">8. Comité de Suivi de la Problématique des Réfugiés Rwandais (CSPR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y22 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">9. COVIGLA, Collectif des victimes des crimes de masse commis dans la region des </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6x4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6y23 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-6ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-6ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">grands lacs africains </font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376p_a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376T_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376L_0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376R_0"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-outer" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf7" style="margin:0px auto 12px;width:761px;min-height:1075.63px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376dp-page-inner" style="padding:0px 16px 0px 0px;margin:0px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h0" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7pf7" style="margin:0px auto;border-collapse:separate;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7pc7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7w0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h0" style="width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><font size="3"><span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial;width:243.36px;"><img class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376bi ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7w1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yahoo-inline-image" alt="alt" style="margin:0px;width:243.36px;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></span></font><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7w2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h0" style="padding:0px;margin:0px;width:595.32px;min-height:841.92px;"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y2 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:43.9228px;"><font size="3"> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">10. Democratic Rwanda Party, DRP-ABASANGIZI </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y4 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">11. F<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls1" style="letter-spacing:0.24px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">DU</span>-Inkingi </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y5 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">12. Fondation Ibukabose-Rengerabose, Mémoire et Justice pour tous </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y6 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">13. Global Voice of Rwandan Refugees (GVRR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y7 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">14.. Groupe d'initiative France-Rwanda </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y8 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">15. Inganzo Gakondo </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y9 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">16. Initiative du Peuple pour l'Alliance Démocrati<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>que (IPAD<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.352px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>-Umuhuza) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ya ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">17. Initiative Humanitaire pour la région des grands lacs (IHRG<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>L)<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.352px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7yb ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">18. Initiative HUMURA </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7yc ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">19. Institut Seth Sendashonga pour la Citoyenneté Démocratique ISCID asbl </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7yd ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">20. JAMBO asbl </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ye ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">21. Liberté d'Expression Culture et Paix, LECP Info </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7yf ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">22. Mouvement Républicain pour la Paix et le Progrès, MRP </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y10 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">23. MRCD-Ubumwe </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y11 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">24. Norway Sub Sahara Africa development organization (NSADO) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y12 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">25. Observatoire des Droits de l'Homme au Rwanda (ODHR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y13 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">26. Organization for Peace, Justice and Development in Rwanda and Gre<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>at Lakes<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.352px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y14 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Region (OPJDR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y15 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">27. Pacte Démocratique du Peuple (PDP-IMANZI) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y16 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">28. PS Imberakuri </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y17 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">29. Réseau International pour la Promotion et la Défense des Droits <span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>de l'Homme au<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_1" style="color:transparent;width:1.352px;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y18 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">Rwanda (RIPRODHOR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y19 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">30.. RNC-Ihuriro </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1a ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">31. Rwanda National Forum (RNF) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1b ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">32. Rwandan Alliance for the National Pact (RANP-Abaryankuna) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1c ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">33. Rwandan American Youth Association </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1d ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">34. Rwandan Platform for Dialogue, Truth, and Justice (R<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_0" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span>DTJ)<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376_ ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7_1" style="color:transparent;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"></span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1e ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">35. Rwandiska föreningen för mänskliga rättigheter (RFMR) </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y1f ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">36. Rwandiske Forum i Oslo, FORU<span class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff2" style="font-family:pg-7ffb;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">M RWANDAIS D'OSLO (RFO), Norvège</span> </font></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376t ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7m0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7x3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7h3 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7y20 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ff1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fs1 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7fc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7sc0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ls0 ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp58715376pg-7ws0" dir="ltr" style="white-space:pre-wrap;unicode-bidi:bidi-override;font-family:pg-7ff5;letter-spacing:0px;text-shadow:none;min-height:47.7422px;"><font size="3">37. United Freedom Fighters (UFF-INDANGAMIRWA)</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp7a0b7609yahoo_quoted" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp7a0b7609yahoo_quoted_4486706104"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"> <div><div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp7a0b7609yiv0009477392"><div dir="ltr"><div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ydp7a0b7609yiv0009477392gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia, serif;font-size:large;"><br clear="none"></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162fromDMARC" style="margin-top:10px;"> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Envoyé par : Michel Niyibizi <niyimike@yahoo.fr> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <br clear="none"> </div> <div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yqt4313901267" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yqt22174"><div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ygrp-sponsor" style="width:160px;float:right;clear:none;margin:0 0 25px 0;background:#fff;"> <div id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162ygrp-reco"> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;color:#FFF;font-size:1px;">.</div></div> </div> <img src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97490468/grpId=40748682/grpspId=2123800538/msgId=15366/stime=1604052238" width="1" height="1" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class=""> <br clear="none"> <img src="http://y.analytics.yahoo.com/fpc.pl?ywarid=515FB27823A7407E&a=10001310322279&js=no&resp=img" width="1" height="1" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class=""> <div class="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yqt4313901267" id="ydp6592a926yiv6729686162yqt77703"><div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;">__,_._,___</div></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-91230789801996659552020-10-28T15:37:00.003+00:002020-10-28T15:37:53.229+00:00[africaforum] You, Muslims living in France and Europe, why don’t you leave France and go back to your countries where you will not see any cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad ? Simple, isn’t it?<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:16.5pt;margin-bottom:15.0pt;margin-left:0in;"><font size="5"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: black;">You, Muslims living in France, why don't you leave France and go back to your countries where you will not see </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">any </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">cartoons of your Prophet Mohammad</span> ? Simple, isn't it?</b></font></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:16.5pt;margin-bottom:15.0pt;margin-left:0in;"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;">Turkey to sue over 'despicable' Charlie Hebdo cartoon of half-naked Erdogan</span></b></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt;"><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20201028-erdogan-threatens-to-sue-over-despicable-charlie-hebdo-cartoon-turkey-macron-samuel-paty-prophet-mohammed" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20201028-erdogan-threatens-to-sue-over-despicable-charlie-hebdo-cartoon-turkey-macron-samuel-paty-prophet-mohammed</a></span></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt;"> </span></p></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4208;_ylc=X3oDMTJxbnUwdGRmBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA4BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwMzg5OTQ2NQ--?act=reply&messageNum=4208">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20You%2C%20Muslims%20living%20in%20France%20and%20Europe%2C%20why%20don%E2%80%99t%20you%20leave%20France%20%20and%20go%20back%20to%20your%20countries%20where%20%20you%20will%20not%20see%20any%20cartoons%20of%20the%20Prophet%20Mohammad%20%3F%20%20Simple%2C%20isn%E2%80%99t%20it%3F" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20You%2C%20Muslims%20living%20in%20France%20and%20Europe%2C%20why%20don%E2%80%99t%20you%20leave%20France%20%20and%20go%20back%20to%20your%20countries%20where%20%20you%20will%20not%20see%20any%20cartoons%20of%20the%20Prophet%20Mohammad%20%3F%20%20Simple%2C%20isn%E2%80%99t%20it%3F" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmOWhzaHU3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDM4OTk0NjU-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4208;_ylc=X3oDMTM1OWQ0ajdpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA4BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwMzg5OTQ2NQR0cGNJZAM0MjA4" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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Simple, isn’t it?<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:16.5pt;margin-bottom:15.0pt;margin-left:0in;mso-outline-level:1"><font size="5"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">You, Muslims living in France, why don't you leave France and go back to your countries where you will not see </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">any </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">cartoons of your Prophet Mohammad</span> ? Simple, isn't it?</b></font></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:16.5pt;margin-bottom:15.0pt;margin-left:0in;mso-outline-level:1"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Turkey to sue over 'despicable' Charlie Hebdo cartoon of half-naked Erdogan</span></b></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><a href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20201028-erdogan-threatens-to-sue-over-despicable-charlie-hebdo-cartoon-turkey-macron-samuel-paty-prophet-mohammed" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20201028-erdogan-threatens-to-sue-over-despicable-charlie-hebdo-cartoon-turkey-macron-samuel-paty-prophet-mohammed</a></span></p> <p class="ydpd58ee618MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt"> </span></p></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-30928421667989015422020-10-27T22:14:00.003+00:002020-10-27T22:14:47.094+00:00[africaforum] Rwanda-Vatican. Pour la première fois dans l’Histoire de l’Eglise catholique , un “guérillero” est “créé” Cardinal et donc susceptible de devenir Pape<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"><div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310original-url" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/20201026-rwanda-vatican-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-lhistoire-de-leglise-catholique-un-guerillero-est-cree-cardinal-et-donc-susceptible-de-devenir-pape" style="color: rgb(25, 106, 212);" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.echosdafrique.com/20201026-rwanda-vatican-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-lhistoire-de-leglise-catholique-un-guerillero-est-cree-cardinal-et-donc-susceptible-de-devenir-pape</a><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310system ydp24155861yiv4151178310exported" id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310article" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1.2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310page" style="max-width: 100%;"><h1 class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310title" style="font-size: 1.95552em;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;">Rwanda-Vatican. Pour la première fois dans l'Histoire de l'Eglise catholique , un "guérillero" est "créé" Cardinal et donc susceptible de devenir Pape</h1><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310metadata ydp24155861yiv4151178310singleline" style="margin-bottom: 1.45em;max-width: 100%;"><a shape="rect" class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310byline enhancr_card_4697712730" href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" title="Articles par Jean-Charles Murego" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210);margin: 0px;max-width: 100%;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jean-Charles Murego</a></div><div><br></div><div id="ydp6521409eenhancr_card_4697712730" class="ydp6521409eyahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp6521409eyahoo-link-enhancr-not-allow-cover ydp6521409eymail-preserve-class ydp6521409eymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" class="ydp6521409eyahoo-enhancr-cardlink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard-wrapper ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px;"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard-info ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233);"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp6521409ecard-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">Jean-Charles Murego – Echos d'Afrique</h2><p class="ydp6521409ecard-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);"></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310leading-image" style="max-width: 100%;margin-bottom: 1.15em;"><img class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310class" src="http://www.echosdafrique..com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kambanda3-1024x805.jpg" alt="alt" style="max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: auto;" data="true"></div><p style="max-width: 100%;">Le 25 octobre 2020, le Vatican a annoncé que le Pape François venait de créer 13 nouveaux cardinaux dont un rwandais, l'actuel Archevêque de Kigali Mgr Antoine Kambanda. La surprise passée, c'est la stupéfaction qui règne chez certains catholiques rwandais. Car en effet, avant d'être un prélat catholique, Antoine Kambanda fut "un combattant de l'ombre" de la rébellion tutsi du FPR qui attaqua le Rwanda à partir de l'Ouganda de 1990 à 1994 avant de se muer en militant de ce mouvement politico-militaire qui elle-même s'est muée en parti-état depuis sa prise du pouvoir en juillet 1994.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">L'homme Antoine Kambanda</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"> </strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Antoine Kambanda, comme tous les autres jeunes tutsi qui ont conquis le pouvoir par les armes en 1994, a grandi et étudié en Ouganda. En 1987 à la création du FPR et quand la décision fut prise de conquérir le Rwanda, Kambanda était encore séminariste en formation en Ouganda. Voulant rejoindre les autres jeunes qui faisaient partie de l'Armée régulière de l'Ouganda et qui allaient être le fer de lance de cette conquête, il fut convenu qu'il devait rester dans les ordres car là aussi il pourrait servir efficacement la cause des conquérants.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Sans tarder, une occasion lui fut offerte. Dans le cadre des échanges interdiocésains, entre l'Eglise catholique du Rwanda et celle d'Ouganda, il fut parmi les premiers qui furent choisis pour aller poursuivre les études de théologie au Grand Séminaire de Nyakibanda au Rwanda. Il fut ordonné prêtre en septembre 1990 par le Pape Jean Paul II lors de sa visite au Rwanda du 15 au 17 septembre 1990, soit quelques jours avant l'invasion du Rwanda par le FPR. Dès le déclenchement de la guerre le 01 octobre 1990, les séminaristes et jeunes prêtres des diocèses des pays voisins qui se trouvaient au Rwanda (Burundi, Zaire, Ouganda, Tanzanie,…) demandèrent et reçurent l'autorisation de rejoindre leurs diocèses d'origine dans leurs pays respectifs.. Curieusement, le jeune Abbé Kambanda argua que ces parents étaient originaires du Diocèse de Kigali et demanda donc à ce qu'il soit incardiné dans ce Diocèse et donc de rester au Rwanda. L'Archevêché de Kigali en manque de vocations n'hésita pas une seconde et l'accueillit comme prêtre de ce diocèse.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Son parcours</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Antoine Kambanda fut d'abord affecté à la paroisse rurale de Rutongo comme vicaire. C'était en pleine guerre. Ce que sa hiérarchie ne savait pas, c'est qu'il était chargé par le FPR de gérer et de veiller à son "Dump" dans lequel des armes et munitions devaient être stockées pour qu'au moment de fondre sur la Capitale Kigali, les combattants venus de la frontière avec l'Ouganda en simples paysans non armés puissent s'y ravitailler en armes et munitions et conquérir les positions autour de Kigali. Ayant accompli sa mission, Antoine Kambanda pouvait être muté n'importe où dans le Diocèse de Kigali tout en ayant un œil sur ses dépôts de Rutongo et Kabuye. Après la signature de l'Accord de Paix entre le FPR et le Rwanda en août 1993 et surtout après le positionnement des combattants du FPR dans et autour de Kigali, l'Abbé Kambanda pouvait être considéré comme ayant accompli sa mission au sein du FPR et méritait un repos et une récompense. C'est ainsi que peu avant l'assaut final d'avril 1994, l'Abbé Kambanda demandera et obtiendra d'être envoyé aux études de Théologie à Rome.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Signification de sa fulgurante ascension</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Après la conquête de tout le pays par le FPR, l'Abbé Antoine Kambanda connaîtra une ascension fulgurante dans les rangs de l'Eglise catholique du Rwanda. De retour de Rome, il fut un petit moment professeur au Grand Séminaire de Nyakibanda avant d'être nommé Evêque du Diocèse de Kibungo en 2013. Sans tarder, il sera nommé Archevêque de Kigali donc Primat du Rwanda en 2018. Il monta sur le Siège de son prédécesseur et Supérieur Hiérarchique feu Mgr Vincent Nsengiyumva assassiné au grand jour par les combattants du FPR le 04 juin 1994 et toujours sans sépulture, tout comme trois autres Evêques assassinés en même temps que lui à Gakurazo près de Kabgayi. Et voilà que deux ans plus tard, il est "créé'' Cardinal.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Lors de son intronisation comme Archevêque de Kigali, le président Paul Kagame avait évoqué, de façon sibylline, leur passé commun. Mais les auditeurs non avertis n'ont rien saisi. Il a en effet dit en s'adressant au nouvel Archevêque et Primat du Rwanda : "Qui aurait pensé que tu serais le Chef de l'Eglise Catholique au moment où moi je suis le Chef politique du même pays"? Ceci pour dire qu'ils s'étaient partagés les tâches quand ils étaient en Ouganda, et que chacun avait atteint son objectif.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Inquiétudes et mauvais précédent</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"> </strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Que le Vatican pratique la Realpolitik dans la nomination des Evêques et Cardinaux dans le sens des autorités politiques en place dans un pays donné, ceci est trop connu. Mais qu'il aille jusqu'à promouvoir les combattants et les extrémistes proposés par des régimes dictatoriaux au moment où les fidèles catholiques pleurent tous les jours des affres de cette dictature (assassinat de Kizito Mihigo,…), cela dépasse tout entendement et l'Eglise Universelle n'en sort pas grandie, surtout pas au Rwanda et dans la région des Grands Lacs longtemps meurtrie.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Plus grave, c'est un mauvais signal donné aux ecclésiastiques ambitieux mais sans foi ni loi pour pactiser avec les forces du mal qui animent les dictatures chez eux, pour pouvoir être promus par le Vatican.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Vous avez dit "l'Eglise Catholique en crise morale"? Le cas Antoine Kambanda au Rwanda en est une éclatante illustration.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Jean-Charles Murego</strong></p></div></div><br clear="none" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br clear="none" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div dir="ltr" id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310AppleMailSignature" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div><span style="font-style: italic;font-weight: bold;text-align: center;">###</span></div><span style="text-align: center;font-style: italic;"></span><div>"Hate Cannot Drive Out Hate. Only Love Can Do That", <span style="font-weight: bold;">Dr. Martin Luther King</span><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline;font-weight: bold;">.</span></div><span style="text-align: center;font-style: italic;font-weight: bold;"></span><div>###</div></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 0px;"></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></div><div id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310fromDMARC" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;margin-top: 10px;"><hr style="min-height: 2px;border-width: 0px;color: rgb(227, 227, 227);background-color: rgb(227, 227, 227);">Posted by: Nzi Nink <nzinink@yahoo.com></div></div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4207;_ylc=X3oDMTJxcGludmhoBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA3BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwMzgzNjg3OA--?act=reply&messageNum=4207">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Rwanda-Vatican%2E%20Pour%20la%20premi%C3%A8re%20fois%20dans%20l%E2%80%99Histoire%20de%20l%E2%80%99Eglise%20catholique%20%2C%20un%20%E2%80%9Cgu%C3%A9rillero%E2%80%9D%20est%20%E2%80%9Ccr%C3%A9%C3%A9%E2%80%9D%20Cardinal%20et%20donc%20susceptible%20de%20devenir%20Pape" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;"> Reply to sender </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"> <a href="mailto:africaforum@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20Rwanda-Vatican%2E%20Pour%20la%20premi%C3%A8re%20fois%20dans%20l%E2%80%99Histoire%20de%20l%E2%80%99Eglise%20catholique%20%2C%20un%20%E2%80%9Cgu%C3%A9rillero%E2%80%9D%20est%20%E2%80%9Ccr%C3%A9%C3%A9%E2%80%9D%20Cardinal%20et%20donc%20susceptible%20de%20devenir%20Pape" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD"> Reply to group </a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmZmlmdm00BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE2MDM4MzY4Nzg-" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;color: #2D50FD;" > <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/topics/4207;_ylc=X3oDMTM1ZTA2YnV1BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA3BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTYwMzgzNjg3OAR0cGNJZAM0MjA3" style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a> (1) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!------- Start Nav Bar ------> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --> <div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;"> <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR> <BR> "The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. 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Pour la première fois dans l’Histoire de l’Eglise catholique , un “guérillero” est “créé” Cardinal et donc susceptible de devenir Pape<div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310original-url" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/20201026-rwanda-vatican-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-lhistoire-de-leglise-catholique-un-guerillero-est-cree-cardinal-et-donc-susceptible-de-devenir-pape" style="color: rgb(25, 106, 212); text-decoration-line: underline;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.echosdafrique.com/20201026-rwanda-vatican-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-lhistoire-de-leglise-catholique-un-guerillero-est-cree-cardinal-et-donc-susceptible-de-devenir-pape</a><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310system ydp24155861yiv4151178310exported" id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310article" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310page" style="max-width: 100%;"><h1 class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310title" style="font-size: 1.95552em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%;">Rwanda-Vatican. Pour la première fois dans l'Histoire de l'Eglise catholique , un "guérillero" est "créé" Cardinal et donc susceptible de devenir Pape</h1><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310metadata ydp24155861yiv4151178310singleline" style="margin-bottom: 1.45em; max-width: 100%;"><a shape="rect" class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310byline enhancr_card_4697712730" href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" title="Articles par Jean-Charles Murego" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); text-decoration-line: underline; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jean-Charles Murego</a></div><div><br></div><div id="ydp6521409eenhancr_card_4697712730" class="ydp6521409eyahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp6521409eyahoo-link-enhancr-not-allow-cover ydp6521409eymail-preserve-class ydp6521409eymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" data-url="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" data-type="YENHANCER" data-size="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="http://www.echosdafrique.com/author/murego" style="text-decoration:none !important;color:#000 !important" class="ydp6521409eyahoo-enhancr-cardlink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard-wrapper ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="max-width:400px"><tbody><tr><td width="400"><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="max-width:400px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(224, 228, 233);border-radius:2px"><tbody><tr><td><table border="0" class="ydp6521409ecard-info ydp6521409eyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;max-width:400px;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-top:1px solid rgb(224, 228, 233)"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:16px 0 16px 12px;vertical-align:top;border-radius:0 0 0 2px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding:12px 24px 16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 2px 0"><h2 class="ydp6521409ecard-title" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(38, 40, 42); max-width: 314px;">Jean-Charles Murego – Echos d'Afrique</h2><p class="ydp6521409ecard-description" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(151, 155, 167);"></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310leading-image" style="max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 1.15em;"><img class="ydp24155861yiv4151178310class" src="http://www.echosdafrique..com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kambanda3-1024x805.jpg" alt="alt" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: auto;" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true"></div><p style="max-width: 100%;">Le 25 octobre 2020, le Vatican a annoncé que le Pape François venait de créer 13 nouveaux cardinaux dont un rwandais, l'actuel Archevêque de Kigali Mgr Antoine Kambanda. La surprise passée, c'est la stupéfaction qui règne chez certains catholiques rwandais. Car en effet, avant d'être un prélat catholique, Antoine Kambanda fut "un combattant de l'ombre" de la rébellion tutsi du FPR qui attaqua le Rwanda à partir de l'Ouganda de 1990 à 1994 avant de se muer en militant de ce mouvement politico-militaire qui elle-même s'est muée en parti-état depuis sa prise du pouvoir en juillet 1994.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">L'homme Antoine Kambanda</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"> </strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Antoine Kambanda, comme tous les autres jeunes tutsi qui ont conquis le pouvoir par les armes en 1994, a grandi et étudié en Ouganda. En 1987 à la création du FPR et quand la décision fut prise de conquérir le Rwanda, Kambanda était encore séminariste en formation en Ouganda. Voulant rejoindre les autres jeunes qui faisaient partie de l'Armée régulière de l'Ouganda et qui allaient être le fer de lance de cette conquête, il fut convenu qu'il devait rester dans les ordres car là aussi il pourrait servir efficacement la cause des conquérants.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Sans tarder, une occasion lui fut offerte. Dans le cadre des échanges interdiocésains, entre l'Eglise catholique du Rwanda et celle d'Ouganda, il fut parmi les premiers qui furent choisis pour aller poursuivre les études de théologie au Grand Séminaire de Nyakibanda au Rwanda. Il fut ordonné prêtre en septembre 1990 par le Pape Jean Paul II lors de sa visite au Rwanda du 15 au 17 septembre 1990, soit quelques jours avant l'invasion du Rwanda par le FPR. Dès le déclenchement de la guerre le 01 octobre 1990, les séminaristes et jeunes prêtres des diocèses des pays voisins qui se trouvaient au Rwanda (Burundi, Zaire, Ouganda, Tanzanie,…) demandèrent et reçurent l'autorisation de rejoindre leurs diocèses d'origine dans leurs pays respectifs.. Curieusement, le jeune Abbé Kambanda argua que ces parents étaient originaires du Diocèse de Kigali et demanda donc à ce qu'il soit incardiné dans ce Diocèse et donc de rester au Rwanda. L'Archevêché de Kigali en manque de vocations n'hésita pas une seconde et l'accueillit comme prêtre de ce diocèse.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Son parcours</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Antoine Kambanda fut d'abord affecté à la paroisse rurale de Rutongo comme vicaire. C'était en pleine guerre. Ce que sa hiérarchie ne savait pas, c'est qu'il était chargé par le FPR de gérer et de veiller à son "Dump" dans lequel des armes et munitions devaient être stockées pour qu'au moment de fondre sur la Capitale Kigali, les combattants venus de la frontière avec l'Ouganda en simples paysans non armés puissent s'y ravitailler en armes et munitions et conquérir les positions autour de Kigali. Ayant accompli sa mission, Antoine Kambanda pouvait être muté n'importe où dans le Diocèse de Kigali tout en ayant un œil sur ses dépôts de Rutongo et Kabuye. Après la signature de l'Accord de Paix entre le FPR et le Rwanda en août 1993 et surtout après le positionnement des combattants du FPR dans et autour de Kigali, l'Abbé Kambanda pouvait être considéré comme ayant accompli sa mission au sein du FPR et méritait un repos et une récompense. C'est ainsi que peu avant l'assaut final d'avril 1994, l'Abbé Kambanda demandera et obtiendra d'être envoyé aux études de Théologie à Rome.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Signification de sa fulgurante ascension</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Après la conquête de tout le pays par le FPR, l'Abbé Antoine Kambanda connaîtra une ascension fulgurante dans les rangs de l'Eglise catholique du Rwanda. De retour de Rome, il fut un petit moment professeur au Grand Séminaire de Nyakibanda avant d'être nommé Evêque du Diocèse de Kibungo en 2013. Sans tarder, il sera nommé Archevêque de Kigali donc Primat du Rwanda en 2018. Il monta sur le Siège de son prédécesseur et Supérieur Hiérarchique feu Mgr Vincent Nsengiyumva assassiné au grand jour par les combattants du FPR le 04 juin 1994 et toujours sans sépulture, tout comme trois autres Evêques assassinés en même temps que lui à Gakurazo près de Kabgayi. Et voilà que deux ans plus tard, il est "créé'' Cardinal.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Lors de son intronisation comme Archevêque de Kigali, le président Paul Kagame avait évoqué, de façon sibylline, leur passé commun. Mais les auditeurs non avertis n'ont rien saisi. Il a en effet dit en s'adressant au nouvel Archevêque et Primat du Rwanda : "Qui aurait pensé que tu serais le Chef de l'Eglise Catholique au moment où moi je suis le Chef politique du même pays"? Ceci pour dire qu'ils s'étaient partagés les tâches quand ils étaient en Ouganda, et que chacun avait atteint son objectif.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Inquiétudes et mauvais précédent</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"> </strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Que le Vatican pratique la Realpolitik dans la nomination des Evêques et Cardinaux dans le sens des autorités politiques en place dans un pays donné, ceci est trop connu. Mais qu'il aille jusqu'à promouvoir les combattants et les extrémistes proposés par des régimes dictatoriaux au moment où les fidèles catholiques pleurent tous les jours des affres de cette dictature (assassinat de Kizito Mihigo,…), cela dépasse tout entendement et l'Eglise Universelle n'en sort pas grandie, surtout pas au Rwanda et dans la région des Grands Lacs longtemps meurtrie.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Plus grave, c'est un mauvais signal donné aux ecclésiastiques ambitieux mais sans foi ni loi pour pactiser avec les forces du mal qui animent les dictatures chez eux, pour pouvoir être promus par le Vatican.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Vous avez dit "l'Eglise Catholique en crise morale"? Le cas Antoine Kambanda au Rwanda en est une éclatante illustration.</p><p style="max-width: 100%;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">Jean-Charles Murego</strong></p></div></div><br clear="none" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br clear="none" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div dir="ltr" id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310AppleMailSignature" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">###</span></div><span style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;"></span><div>"Hate Cannot Drive Out Hate. Only Love Can Do That", <span style="font-weight: bold;">Dr. Martin Luther King</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;">.</span></div><span style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"></span><div>###</div></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 0px;">__._,_.___</div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; clear: both;"></div><div id="ydp24155861yiv4151178310fromDMARC" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 10px;"><hr style="min-height: 2px; border-width: 0px; color: rgb(227, 227, 227); background-color: rgb(227, 227, 227);">Posted by: Nzi Nink <nzinink@yahoo.com></div></div><br></div></div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-59753415341396505782020-09-28T14:26:00.001+01:002020-09-28T14:27:52.551+01:00[africaforum] Fw: [fondationbanyarwanda] Fw: In Pursuit of Justice in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥.... <p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCWW8oIhCVX018YafqARuYFUmmBgDw2Q5WOi6W0GnCwoq67SgDev6atxoLQCK4xEopctuq0hfAaQYMoYGn4C68nmoyq3FfEZqSBg5qy5vV1O_nzxqcD86AYML2K1zlE5xwR6wvh2HXNc/s1600/image1-772619.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCWW8oIhCVX018YafqARuYFUmmBgDw2Q5WOi6W0GnCwoq67SgDev6atxoLQCK4xEopctuq0hfAaQYMoYGn4C68nmoyq3FfEZqSBg5qy5vV1O_nzxqcD86AYML2K1zlE5xwR6wvh2HXNc/s320/image1-772619.jpeg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6877529727182455202" /></a></p><span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="ydp55e1e912yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div></div> <div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42);font-size: 13px;"><b>In Pursuit of Justice in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥....</b></span><br></div></div><div id="ydp402dfeeayahoo_quoted_1773582692" class="ydp402dfeeayahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"><div><div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253"><div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ygrp-mlmsg"><div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ygrp-msg"><div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ygrp-text"><div class="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yahoo_quoted" id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yahoo_quoted_1826160089"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"><div><br clear="none"></div> <div><div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799"><div><div dir="ltr"><span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799original-url"><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://m.facebook.com/100003786905360/posts/1996713980464813/?extid=YIAYqSGNWFGitTfL&d=n" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://m.facebook.com/100003786905360/posts/1996713980464813/?extid=YIAYqSGNWFGitTfL&d=n</a><br clear="none"></div><div class="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799system ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799exported" id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799article" style="font-size:1.2em;margin:0px;padding:0px;"><div class="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv6826123799page" style="max-width:100%;"><div style="max-width:100%;"><p style="max-width:100%;">𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥. One of Africa's shining heroes and bright lights and also a Noble Peace Prize winner, 𝐃𝐫. 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐮𝐤𝐰𝐞𝐠𝐞, a doctor who fixes women who have been horribly assaulted by armed men; has been calling for justice for Congolese people on Crimes documented in the𝐔𝐍 𝐌𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨. </p><p style="max-width:100%;"> 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚'𝐬 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚 has responded to his call and are 𝐤𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 with this panel bringing the diaspora and the youth on the continent together. Don't miss this powerful panel discussion. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐣𝐨𝐢𝐧 the discussion via Zoom or you can 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐚 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 (more to come) and 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐇𝐌𝐆 (link to come). Stay tuned for more events coming your way this coming month.</p><p style="max-width:100%;"> 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐲!</p><p style="max-width:100%;"> To register for this event, follow this link: <a shape="rect" href="https://lm.facebook.com/l..php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcongoweek.org%2Fcomponent%2Fjevents%2Feventdetail%2F9%2F-%2Fun-mapping-exercise-report%2C-10th-anniversay.html%3FItemid%3D136%26fbclid%3DIwAR2mD1RZ-dZ-8nFp_Bfx6A-VR8LfzsCf0CC3uIUZZ1-KzwYUwNoxYrMGDZA&h=AT0lfnbbO7jGgBMHHZ8M3deFFKtqhdl1NKZKnNlNxtZm6OXiuvclL9F-KBUa9Wz3TXjGoNJcgMvxqvXMxh5uZxYfhN8rhailDEbr7GJso4RM-bW9J3bTfbWt2RmoAADrDmpjTy5Wumu_50BuBV89fSq_dLSDEUVpyg" style="color:rgb(65, 110, 210);max-width:100%;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://congoweek.org/component/jevents/eventdetail/9/-/un-mapping-exercise-report,-10th-anniversay.html?Itemid=136</a></p><p style="max-width:100%;"><img id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv68261237994D71BDB5-798B-41C1-9906-076C5973647A" src="cid:1847b01b-2a69-a2b4-662f-5f7e9b416128@yahoo.com" alt="image1.jpeg" style="width:100%;max-width:750px;"></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;"></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo <alfrednganzo@yahoo.com> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=4px style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style="text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/africaforum/conversations/messages/4206;_ylc=X3oDMTJxMWF0MTByBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyMjk1OTk3BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTExNjI5MQRtc2dJZAM0MjA2BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTYwMTI5OTY2Mg--?act=reply&messageNum=4206">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a href="mailto:alfrednganzo@yahoo.com?subject=Re%3A%20Fw%3A%20%5Bfondationbanyarwanda%5D%20Fw%3A%20In%20Pursuit%20of%20Justice%20in%20the%20Great%20Lakes%20Region%20of%20Africa%3A%20%F0%9D%90%89%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%A7%20%F0%9D%90%AD%F0%9D%90%A1%F0%9D%90%9E%20%F0%9D%90%A0%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%9B%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A5%20%F0%9D%90%A6%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%AF%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%A6%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%AD%20%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%9D%20%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%AC%F0%9D%90%B0%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%AB%20%F0%9D%90%AD%F0%9D%90%A1%F0%9D%90%9E%20%F0%9D%90%82%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%A5%2E%2E%2E%2E%20" style="text-decoration: none; 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One of Africa's shining heroes and bright lights and also a Noble Peace Prize winner, 𝐃𝐫. 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐮𝐤𝐰𝐞𝐠𝐞, a doctor who fixes women who have been horribly assaulted by armed men; has been calling for justice for Congolese people on Crimes documented in the𝐔𝐍 𝐌𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨. </p><p style="max-width:100%;"> 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚'𝐬 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚 has responded to his call and are 𝐤𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 with this panel bringing the diaspora and the youth on the continent together. Don't miss this powerful panel discussion. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐣𝐨𝐢𝐧 the discussion via Zoom or you can 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐚 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 (more to come) and 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐇𝐌𝐆 (link to come). Stay tuned for more events coming your way this coming month.</p><p style="max-width:100%;"> 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐲!</p><p style="max-width:100%;"> To register for this event, follow this link: <a shape="rect" href="https://lm.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcongoweek.org%2Fcomponent%2Fjevents%2Feventdetail%2F9%2F-%2Fun-mapping-exercise-report%2C-10th-anniversay.html%3FItemid%3D136%26fbclid%3DIwAR2mD1RZ-dZ-8nFp_Bfx6A-VR8LfzsCf0CC3uIUZZ1-KzwYUwNoxYrMGDZA&h=AT0lfnbbO7jGgBMHHZ8M3deFFKtqhdl1NKZKnNlNxtZm6OXiuvclL9F-KBUa9Wz3TXjGoNJcgMvxqvXMxh5uZxYfhN8rhailDEbr7GJso4RM-bW9J3bTfbWt2RmoAADrDmpjTy5Wumu_50BuBV89fSq_dLSDEUVpyg" style="color:rgb(65, 110, 210);max-width:100%;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://congoweek.org/component/jevents/eventdetail/9/-/un-mapping-exercise-report,-10th-anniversay.html?Itemid=136</a></p><p style="max-width:100%;"><img id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253ydp9d106dd5yiv68261237994D71BDB5-798B-41C1-9906-076C5973647A" src="cid:1847b01b-2a69-a2b4-662f-5f7e9b416128@yahoo.com" alt="image1.jpeg" style="width:100%;max-width:750px;"></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <div id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253fromDMARC" style="margin-top:10px;"> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Envoyé par : Michel Niyibizi <niyimike@yahoo.fr> <hr style="min-height:2px;border-width:0;color:#E3E3E3;background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <br></div> </div> <img src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97490468/grpId=11896787/grpspId=2123800502/msgId=75314/stime=1601271435" width="1" height="1" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class=""> <br clear="none"> <img src="http://y.analytics.yahoo.com/fpc.pl?ywarid=515FB27823A7407E&a=10001310322279&js=no&resp=img" width="1" height="1" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" class=""> <div class="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253yqt7854166435" id="ydp402dfeeayiv3099869253yqt80379"><div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;">__,_._,___</div></div> </div></div> </div> </div>Africa Watch Networkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00586619021945436068noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050469792527702956.post-37831140010564335392020-09-25T20:04:00.003+01:002020-09-25T20:04:22.311+01:00[africaforum] How not to write about the Rwandan genocide<span style="display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id="ygrp-text" > <p><div class="yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" data="false"> <span><p class="ydpa5146c6dMsoPlainText"><b><span style="font-size:24.0pt;color:red;">How not to write about the Rwandan genocide</span></b></p></span></div><div dir="ltr" data="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data="false"><a href="https://uk-africa.blogspot.com/2020/09/how-not-to-write-about-rwandan-genocide.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="enhancr_card_1140085477">How not to write about the Rwandan genocide</a><br></div><div><br></div><div id="ydp5be31d3denhancr_card_1140085477" class="ydp5be31d3dyahoo-link-enhancr-card ydp5be31d3dymail-preserve-class ydp5be31d3dymail-preserve-style" style="max-width:400px;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" data="https://uk-africa.blogspot.com/2020/09/how-not-to-write-about-rwandan-genocide.html" data="YENHANCER" data="MEDIUM" contenteditable="false"><a href="https://uk-africa.blogspot.com/2020/09/how-not-to-write-about-rwandan-genocide.html" class="ydp5be31d3dyahoo-enhancr-cardlink" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><table border="0" class="ydp5be31d3dcard-wrapper ydp5be31d3dyahoo-ignore-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" 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16px 12px;width:99%;font-family:YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 class="ydp5be31d3dcard-title" style="font-size: 14px;margin: 0px 0px 6px;font-family: YahooSans, "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(38, 40, 42);max-width: 314px;">How not to write about the Rwandan genocide</h2><p class="ydp5be31d3dcard-description" style="font-size: 12px;margin: 0px;color: rgb(151, 155, 167);">East and Central Africa Forum (ECAF) is about Your Right to Know Everything about Africa Current Problems and I...</p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></p> </div> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> <div style="clear:both"> </div> <div id="fromDMARC" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Alfred Nganzo 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