The dictator Kagame at UN

The dictator Kagame at UN
Dictators like Kagame who have changed their national constitutions to remain indefinitely on power should not be involved in UN high level and global activities including chairing UN meetings

Why has the UN ignored its own report about the massacres of Hutu refugees in DRC ?

The UN has ignored its own reports, NGOs and media reports about the massacres of hundreds of thousands of Hutu in DRC Congo (estimated to be more than 400,000) by Kagame when he attacked Hutu refugee camps in Eastern DRC in 1996. This barbaric killings and human rights violations were perpetrated by Kagame’s RPF with the approval of UK and USA and with sympathetic understanding and knowledge of UNHCR and international NGOs which were operating in the refugees camps. According to the UN, NGO and media reports between 1993 and 2003 women and girls were raped. Men slaughtered. Refugees killed with machetes and sticks. The attacks of refugees also prevented humanitarian organisations to help many other refugees and were forced to die from cholera and other diseases. Other refugees who tried to return to Rwanda where killed on their way by RFI and did not reach their homes. No media, no UNHCR, no NGO were there to witness these massacres. When Kagame plans to kill, he makes sure no NGO and no media are prevent. Kagame always kills at night.

25 Apr 2016

[afrocarpus] East Africa: How oil pipeline deal slipped out of Kenya’s hands

 


Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta is usually a very jolly man. But at the 13th Northern Corridor Infrastructure Summit held at the weekend in Munyonyo, Kampala, he appeared to be the opposite of his usual self.
Days to the summit, it had been concluded, and perhaps he had even been briefed early enough, that Uganda had chosen the southern route through Tanzania for the proposed multi-billion dollar crude oil export pipeline.
The political manoeuvring
With an election not so far away, according to insider accounts, Mr Kenyatta had hoped for his country to snap up the deal via the Northern route to the Lamu Port on the Indian Ocean. The project commencing in a pre-election year meant investments, jobs and other associated benefits—which undoubtedly would go to his government's credit.

 

More:

http:www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/How-oil-pipeline-deal-slipped-out-of-Kenya-s-hands/-/688334/3174606/-/12enw84z/-/index.html

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The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.
I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.
The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.
When the white man came we had the land and they had the bibles; now they have the land and we have the bibles.
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23 Apr 2016

[afrocarpus] Uganda: Museveni blames land killings on Britain

 

Museveni blames land killings on Britain

President Museveni pays his last respects after laying a wreath on the late Samuel Majyambere's grave in Kitebere-Makulubita village, Luweero District on Thursday. Majyambere was killed over a land dispute recently.PPU PHOTO  
By Dan Wandera

Posted  Saturday, April 23   2016 at  01:00
IN SUMMARY
"I recently set up a committee headed by Luweero LC5 chairman Hajj [Abdul] Nadduli to look into some of these problems and report back with a detailed plan on how we shall handle them. We have been briefed by police that the suspect has been arrested but we still wonder why one would opt to kill a man like Majyambere because of a land dispute," Museveni
Luweero. President Museveni has castigated the British colonial masters for messing up the local land ownership system in Buganda which has become a cause of persistent murders and suffering in the region.
"Our former colonial masters, Britain are the source of this land problem in Buganda region, including some few in areas like Ankole and other parts of the country. We fought hard to defeat a selfish group to have the new land laws in place but still our people are having problems because of this land system," Mr Museveni told mourners at Kitebele village on Wednesday.
He was speaking to residents of Mawala-Kitebere village, Kanyanda Parish in Makulubita Sub-county in Luweero District on Thursday after laying a wreath on the grave of the late Samuel Babumba Majyambere who was recently killed over a land dispute. 
Majyambere provided shelter to National Resistance Army rebels during the Bush War.
The President praised the fallen veteran for both material support and hard work when he offered more than 50 bicycles to the NRA guerillas at the first camp at his home in Kitebele in 1981. 
Mr Museveni appealed to all stakeholders to find a solution to the land disputes.
"People continue to disregard the land laws yet we have RDCs and other government officials supposed to monitor these events. This must come to an end," Mr Museveni added.
He urged Ugandans to use the law to solve land wrangles and avoid taking the law into their hands. 
"We don't want this kind of indiscipline. MPs should be hard on these people while revising the laws on murder and rape so that they are dealt with and stopped. Killing somebody because of land issues is not accepted. You people are supposed to solve it using the law. I have come here as a sign of respect to the late Majyambere who did something for the country," Mr Museveni said.
While responding to an earlier call by the Rev Abel Kigozi of Kalasa Church of Uganda who said more than three people have been murdered in Makulubita within three months over similar disputes without arrest of the killers, the President was disturbed that police and courts take long to act. 
"My prayer is that these Members of Parliament you recently elected help me in amending and streamlining the current laws to have a better Uganda. The army has ways of responding to issues regarding murder. We clear these issues quickly. You cannot kill and ask for bail in the army..," Museveni said.
The suspect told police after arrest that he killed Majyambere because he had provoked him and claimed that he was known to the President and Gen Salim Saleh.
editorial@ug.nationmedia.com

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I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.
The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.
When the white man came we had the land and they had the bibles; now they have the land and we have the bibles.
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21 Apr 2016

[afrocarpus] Fw: [uRwanda_rwacu] Rwandan publication says Kagame planned xenophobia in Zambia | Zambian Watchdog

 



On Thursday, 21 April 2016, 15:05, "JNepo jnmani03@yahoo.com [uRwanda_rwacu]" <uRwanda_rwacu@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Rwandan publication says Kagame planned xenophobia in Zambia

By  on  April 20, 201614 Comments
KIGALI EVENING POST WRITES:
HOW THE RWANDAN RPF EMBASSY IN ZAMBIA PLANNED AND EXECUTED XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS ON INNOCENT RWANDAN REFUGEES INSIDE ZAMBIA
By NAYUBUHORO Elise, Kigali
All these attacks on the Rwandan Hutu refugees have been organized and executed by the Rwandan High Commission in Zambia in conjunction with the Rwandan Embassy in Tanzania and Kenya.
HOW DID ALL START AND WHO IS BEHIND IT
The Tutsi government here in Kigali has always wanted to forcibly repatriate Rwandan refugees who are hosted by the people of Zambia. The Tutsi RPF government in Kigali has attempted on several occasions to force Rwandan refugees who are mostly from the Bantu tribe of Hutu with no success. The ministry of refugee affairs in Rwanda has made it clear that she want all the Rwandan refugees come back home to this mortuary called Rwanda. In 2013
Bwana Gatsinzi Marcel tried several times to get the Zambian authority expel the Rwandan Hutu refugees but failed. The Kigali Tutsi government managed to promise another Hutu refugee in Congo with better life in Kigali where she was given a the Ministry for Disaster Management and Refugees Affairs (Midmar) in hope that she would convince the Rwandan Hutu refugees to come back to this morgue called Rwanda. However, since she was appointed the minister to repatriate Rwandan refugees, Mrs Seraphine Mukantabana has not succeeded. That is why they have opted to use other cruel means to make sure that this time around they will not fail. So how did all this happen to the point of peace loving Zambian take up machetes and start chopping off helpless necks of Hutu refugees in Zambia? The answer lies here in Gacinya's office in Kigali.
HOW COL GACINYA PLANNED THE XENOPHOBE MASS KILLING OF THE RWANDAN HUTU REFUGEES LIVING IN ZAMBIA
The government of Paul Kagame is very frustrated that even after the brutal attacks on the Rwandan Hutu refugees in Lusaka only 20 Rwandan families living in Zambia have approached the Rwandan High Commission in Lusaka for protection after reports suggested they are targets of xenophobic attacks. According to the information at our disposal, majority of these people who have gone to the Rwanda embassy for protections are those who have been working as the RPF spies in Zambia not real refugees. This has frustrated Kigali especially Col Gacinya who has been working hard to make sure more than 5000 Rwandan refugees living in Zambia are brought back to the mortuary. So how all this has happened?
The process of repatriating Rwandan living in Lusaka is a decade old but has intensified in the recent years after RPF realizing that Hutu refugees in Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe are doing stunningly well due to hard work and businesses that they own in those countries. RPF has been worried that the Rwandan refugees
 
who are living in Zambia have managed to invest a lot in their children so that they attend best schools in Zambia. Others have managed even to send some of their kids abroad UK, France, Canada, and other European countries so that their children can acquire better opportunities. This did not sit well with the Tutsi government in Kigali that continue to have nightmares about the Hutu rebellion living inside DRC called FDLR. Because of this nightmare, Paul Kagame always thinks that the success of the Rwandan Hutu refugees in Zambia would help FDLR become stronger both economically and psychologically. This is because many families in Zambia went there from DRC. In order to stop that Tutsis in Kigali who are only 14% of all Rwandan population think that by destabilizing the Hutus wherever they are especially in Zambia would weaken FDLR politically, economically, and psychologically. That is why since the beginning of 2013 Paul Kagame under Col. Gacinya made it a priority to make sure all Hutu refugees living in Zambia are brought back to the mortuary.
HOW DID RPF ORGANIZE TODAY XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS ON HUTU REFUGEES LIVING IN ZAMBIA
Most people still remember an article our newspapers Karisimbi Online Group published on 27 August 2015 under the headline called: UHURU KENYATTA SHOULD SAVE NAIROBI FROM BECOMING A HOTBED OF KAGAME ASSASSINS (click here to read it). There was one Captain Olivier who is in charge of all houses rented by the Rwandan RPF to host Kigali spies in Nairobi Kenya. He has also been part of this plan to destabilize country of Zambia in order to have the Zambian authority expel innocent Rwandan Hutu refugees who have made Zambia there home after the Tutsi led government prevented them from living in Rwanda. Cpt Olivier together with Col Faustin TINKA, who is the RPF Defense Attaché in Tanzania Cell-phone: +255752436066, Tel (Off): + 2557 54787835 & +255 222600500, Email: fntinka@gmail.com has been working tirelessly to destabilize the region. Before Rwanda fell out with Burundi and Tanzania, these two individuals worked had to smuggle the RPF spies into Tanzania and Burundi via the country of Kenya where the RPF owns about 6 reception houses that host the spies from Kigali on their transit into East and Southern African region.
Through the existing collaboration of the RPF government and the region of Southern Africa which includes the countries of Zambia, Malawi, Madagascar, and the Seychelles, Col Tinka has been disguising under the existence of the Rwanda-Tanzania Friendship Association (RWATAFA) to smuggle spies from Kenya into Zambia. The guy who has been receiving these Rwandan RPF spies is Mr Abel Buhungu, the Charge d'Affaires at the High Commission of Rwanda in Zambia. Currently Rwanda does not have an embassy in Zambia but because of the plans to forcibly repatriate Rwandan Hutus living as refugees in Zambia, the Kigali Tutsi government has been working hard to finalize the process of setting up an embassy in Zambia.
According to our source is that Col Gacinya gave mission Col Tinka from the Rwandan embassy in Tanzania to work closely with Mr Abel Buhungu and identify people who can incite the people of Zambia especially the youth in order to kill Rwandan Hutu refugees and loot their shops. The plan was hatched in Dar es Salam in March to identify few jobless youth in Zambia and pay them so that they can go on rampage killing innocent Zambians and then put it on the head of innocent Rwandan Hutu refugees accusing them of ritual killing. In Rwanda there is only one group which practices a ritual killing, the Tutsi people, especially those close to Kagame's clans. In the recent months they killed even their own relatives such as Karegeya, Ruzibiza, and Rwigara among others who were killed so that RPF can give sacrifices to the Illuminati.
When the plans to destabilize Zambia were finalized the RPF government had invested more than 1 million US dollars to bribe some corrupt Zambian politicians and security apparatus. Another half of the money is supposed to be given to different gangs in Zambia so that they loot and kill Rwandan Hutu refugees in order to strike terror among this innocent people. The one in charge of the command of this operation is Col Gacinya. Mr Abel Buhungu is supervised by Col Tinka to make sure that the operations to destabilize Zambia in order to force Hutu refugees to go back to Rwanda is carried out without the Zambian authority knowing what is going on.
 
According to the information we have from Kigali last night Mr Abel Buhungu called Col Gacinya to inform him about how the plans are unfolding in Lusaka Zambia and giving him the assurance that the plans are going on accordingly, Mr Abel said this to Col. Gacinya: "Bwana Afande as per now we have been successfully killed eight Zambian people since mid-March. These killings have successfully spread rumours and terror among local people and have successfully believed that these interahamwe are the ones who have killed these people for ritual purpose. You remember, initially we had said that supporting some political figures in Zambia could help us get these interahamwe back to Rwanda but we realized that there were many challenges since many Hutu refugees have intermarried with Zambians others go to the same churches which have strengthened their ties here. However, using the plan B which was to kill local people and put it on the Interhamwe Hutus has worked properly and soon I have launched a campaign to sensitize local people to call their government to expel this people. Once the message has cut across I am going to publish in the media that my government is willing to pay airticket to evacuate our people, which has started being welcomed by many local politicians. "
 
 
According to the Zambia Police Spokesperson Charity Munganga Chanda who earlier confirmed the looting of the shops of the Rwandan Hutu refugees to media, Rwandans are being accused of practicing ritual killings. However, the Zambian authorities have not yet understood that all these killings are part of the plans from the RPF government in Kigali so that the Zambian government can expel Rwandan Hutu refugees after so many attempts to try and repatriate them have failed. The Zambian authority remembers well the efforts that the Tutsi government and the UNHCR invested in the plan to make sure that Rwandans mostly Hutus are repatriated. Rwanda was never happy by the decision of the Zambian government to offer Rwandan Hutu refugees residence. To fault that that is why the Kigali government decided to spend $1000000 to destabilize Zambia and expel innocent Rwandan refugees. Here we have to reminder the readers that Rwanda has three distinctive tribes: Hutus 85%, Tutsis 14%, and Twa 1%. Tutsis are arrogant people who don't like to mix with other people nor accept to be ruled through democracy. This is why in 1990s the Tutsi based RPF attacked Rwanda from Uganda with the help of President Museveni of Uganda who is also a Rwandan Tutsi from Kigali and the USA. After 4 years of fighting the Tutsis realized that they were not winning the military war. They decided to kill two Hutu presidents Habyarimana Juvenal of Rwanda and Ntaryamira Cyprian of Burundi who were from peace negotiations in Tanzania as the only way to have a Tutsi rule in Rwanda. Both the US and Paul Kagame knew well that these terrorist act of killing two Hutu presidents could spark the massacre but they went ahead and did it because they only cared about getting power. However, over the years there are Hutu groups that still fight the criminal regime of Kagame in Congo and Tutsis fear that if Rwandan Hutu refugees become financially successful they would support FDLR to bring democracy in Rwanda where every Rwanda feels at home. This is the reasons why Mr. Abel Buhungu is giving money to unruly youth to cause havoc in the country by targeting Rwandan Hutu refugees.
 
Printing of ballots in Dubai
Implication of the Downgrading of Zambia by Moody's


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The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.
I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.
The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.
When the white man came we had the land and they had the bibles; now they have the land and we have the bibles.
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19 Apr 2016

[afrocarpus] Lusaka, to curb xenophobic violence which has hit the city, police say.

 

Zambia arrests over xenophobic attacks in Lusaka
More than 250 people have been arrested in Zambia's capital, Lusaka, to curb xenophobic violence which has hit the city, police say.
At least 62 Rwandan-owned shops have been looted in the the riots which have spread to nine poor neighbourhoods, police added.
Many Zambians describe it as the worst xenophobic violence in the country.
The riots started in two areas on Monday following rumours that Rwandans were behind ritual killings in Lusaka.
At least seven people have been murdered in recent weeks and their body parts removed.
Rumours circulating on social media alleged the body parts would be used as charms to ensure success in business.
 
More:
 
 

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The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.
I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.
The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.
When the white man came we had the land and they had the bibles; now they have the land and we have the bibles.
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The Voice of the Poor, the Weak and Powerless.

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[afrocarpus] Nigeria: UN human rights experts call for progress in abduction of schoolgirls in Chibok

 

Nigeria: UN human rights experts call for progress in abduction of schoolgirls in Chibok

12 April 2016 – Ahead of the second anniversary of the abduction of 200 schoolgirls in the town of Chibok in Nigeria, a group of United Nations and African human rights experts today appealed to Boko Haram to immediately reveal the location of the girls, and urged the Government of Nigeria to escalate its efforts to free all civilians kidnaped by the group.

"In the last two years, despite re-assurances from those at the highest level of the Nigerian Government, the parents have not seen any concrete progress in locating and liberating their daughters," the experts said. "The lack of access to information increases the suffering of the abductees' families through false hopes and frustrations."

The experts said that while they understand the security considerations put forward by the authorities, which prevent the disclosure of information, they are deeply concerned that "the grievances of the families and their most basic right to be kept informed about the plight of their loved ones has largely been ignored."

More:

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53661#.VxZ_4PkrLs0

Burundi: Independent international inquiry into executions needed, claims Human Rights Watch

An independent international commission of inquiry is needed to establish the truth about the grave abuses in Burundi in the past year, which a "misleading and biased" Burundi commission has so far failed to do, according to a leading human rights organisation.

The inquiry, led by Burundi authorities, into allegations of extra-judicial executions by members of thesecurity forces on 11 December 2015, in the capital Bujumbura, focused on the most deadly operation by government security forces since the African nation's political crisis began in April last year.

 

More:

 

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/burundi-independent-international-inquiry-into-executions-needed-claims-human-rights-watch-1554700

 

Nairobi street kids 'forced into prostitution'

NAIROBI - Ragged, hungry and rejected by society, thousands of street children abandoned by nearly all live in the Kenyan capital Nairobi.

There is no official figure on the number of homeless children in Kenya, a sign of the lack of interest by Kenyan authorities of the problem.

One estimate, by the Consortium for Street Children (CSC), an international charity, suggests the number of street children could be as high as between 250,000 and 300,000 throughout Kenya, including 60,000 in Nairobi alone.

In the district of Mlango Kubwa in central Nairobi, a former landfill is a refuge for street children, who call it "the base".

Here they sleep on the hard floor, close to the rubbish dumps where they scavenge for scraps to make some profit, but at least the place is safe from outside eyes

More:

http://www.enca.com/africa/nairobi-street-kids-forced-prostitution%E2%80%99

 

Britain's foreign aid FARCE: £1 of every £7 given by rich countries is paid for by YOU

The UK also gave twice as much as France and it puts 0.7 per cent of the Britain's income back out on aid elsewhere.

Only five other OECD countries spent more than 0.7 per cent of national income on aid – Sweden, Norway, Luxembourg, Denmark and the Netherlands.

While British grants represented 10.2 per cent of Western aid in 2010. 

Last year this rose to 14.2 per cent, while UK spending increased by 3.2 per cent while in some countries it fell. 

The US hand out seven per cent less and budgets were also slashed in Belgium, Australia and Portugal. 

However, foreign aid spending increased largely across the board - as a result of the escalating migrant crisis. 

 

http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/660884/Fresh-foreign-aid-scandal-Britain-splurges-billions-record-global-aid-Uk-forks-out

 

 

UN DAILY NEWS from the 
UNITED NATIONS NEWS SERVICE

15 April, 2016 
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________





YEMEN AT 'CRITICAL CROSSROADS,' SECURITY COUNCIL TOLD AHEAD OF FACE-TO-FACE PEACE TALKS 

Yemen is now at a critical crossroads, the United Nations Security Council heard today from the UN special envoy for the country, with one path leading to peace while the other can only worsen the security and humanitarian situation. 

"This briefing comes on the eve of the next round of face-to-face talks in Kuwait, where I hope the parties will come to an agreement on a clear way to end the violence and devastation in Yemen," Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, the UN Special Envoy for Yemen, told the 15-member Council. 

"The cessation of hostilities began at midnight on 10 April and I hope it will provide a conducive environment for the upcoming talks, offer the opportunity for expanded humanitarian assistance and provide a rare ray of hope for Yemenis' longing for a return to peace," he added. 

The talks will commence on 18 April and aim to reach a comprehensive agreement, to end the conflict and allow the resumption of inclusive political dialogue in accordance with UN Security Council resolution 2216 (2015) and other relevant resolutions. 

Meanwhile, in the last round of peace talks which took place in Switzerland, a committee was established – the De-escalation and Coordination Committee (DCC) – to prevent further violations and avoid any military escalation. 

"The agreement on the cessation of hostilities also created local levels of support. The Government of Yemen and Ansar Allah have nominated local committees in militarily contested areas to work with the DCC and ensure better compliance with the cessation of hostilities," the envoy indicated, adding that unfortunately, most of the local committees are not yet fully functional but should be in the coming days. 

Despite a discernible decrease in the level of military violence in most parts of the country during the first days of the cessation of hostilities, Mr. Ould Cheikh Ahmed told the Security Council there have also been a worrying number of serious violations particularly in al-Jawf, Amran, Mareb and Taiz. 

"Fighting in Taiz continues to cause civilian casualties and I am concerned that a spiral of escalation could threaten the success of the peace process," he warned. "However, the recent events over the last weeks at the same time have given me hope. I would like to acknowledge the courage displayed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Ansarallah by accepting to settle border disputes." 

He said both parties confirmed that these agreements pave the way for the general cessation of hostilities in Yemen. "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has supported both the government of Yemen and the Houthis to sign a landmark agreement aimed at supporting the cessation of hostilities and the work of the De-Escalation, Coordination Committee and Local De-Escalation Committees and supports the role of the United Nations." 

Calling on all parties to support the important work which humanitarian agencies are carrying out, Mr. Ould Cheikh Ahmed underlined that humanitarians will continue doing their best to deliver assistance to those in need and negotiate sustained access to hard-to-reach areas. 

Briefing on these efforts, the Assistant Secretary-General of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Kyung-wha Kang, informed the Council that more than 6,400 people have now been killed, and over 30,500 injured. She said displacement has spiked, with some 2.8 million people now forced from their homes. 

"Livelihoods have been ravaged," Ms. Kang warned. "Some 14.1 million people now need help accessing adequate healthcare as a result of a year of intensified conflict. Lack of supplies, medicines, electricity, fuel for generators, and staff or equipment, have caused health services to decline across the country. Entire governorates have been engulfed in relentless violence." 

This includes locations such as Taiz where intensified fighting in and around Taiz city since mid-March has left scores of people dead and wounded, and also significantly hampered relief work. 

"This paints a very bleak picture, but there is some cause for very cautious optimism," she continued. "The cessation of hostilities is bringing calm to many areas of the country, reducing the crippling violence that has devastated these communities." 

Humanitarian organizations have also begun to respond in areas that were previously difficult to access, but despite these efforts, Ms. Kang told the Council that vital operations continue to be hampered by a variety of bureaucratic impediments, principally by the authorities on the ground. 

Concluding her remarks, she said OCHA maintains the hope that the parties to this conflict will choose the only path to a solution – negotiation and dialogue – "no matter how challenging that path may seem." 


* * * 

THE NEXT UN SECRETARY-GENERAL: ASSEMBLY PRESIDENT SAYS 'NEW STANDARD OF TRANSPARENCY' ESTABLISHED 

Three days of informal briefings came to an end yesterday, after nine candidates for the position of the next United Nations Secretary-General answered all together some 800 questions from the UN membership and the public on how, if selected, they would lead the world body. 

"We have established a new standard of transparency and inclusivity for the appointment process, but it has the potential also to influence the final outcome of the selection of the Secretary-General," UN General Assembly President Mogens Lykketoft told reporters at the conclusion of the unprecedented public dialogues. 

Starting on Tuesday, each candidate was given a two-hour televised and webcast timeslot. Prior to opening up the floor for questions from UN delegates and civil society representatives as well as from the public through social media, candidates gave short oral presentations – their "vision statements" – addressing challenges and opportunities facing the UN and the next Secretary-General. 

Below is a list of candidates in the order they appeared before the Assembly: 

Igor Luksic, current Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro. 
Irina Bokova, current Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESC), nominated by Bulgaria. 
Antonio Guterres, most recently the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, nominated by Portugal. 
Danilo Türk, former President of Slovenia. 
Vesna Pusić, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs and First Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia. 
Natalia Gherman, former first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova. 
Vuk Jeremic, President of the 67th session of the UN General Assembly and a former Foreign Minister of Serbia. 
Helen Clark, former Prime Minister of New Zealand and the current Administrator of the UN Development Programme. 
Srgjan Kerim, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and was the President of the 62nd session of the UN General Assembly. 
According to Mr. Lykketoft, almost every country was represented in the audience to ask questions during the dialogue. "My impression is – of course my experience is short – but during the months I've been here, we never had that frank and substantial discussion about the future of the United Nations as the one we got during these informal dialogues," he said at the media stakeout. 

"We've talked about the virtues, we've talked about the flaws of the UN, and the candidates have presented a lot of interesting views on how to do things ever better," he added. 

Mr. Lykketoft also told reporters that these past three days are just a part of the "process of transparency" and that he hopes they will help generate wider discussions about the selection of the UN chief. 

With more candidates possibly joining the current nine, more informal briefing could be held in the coming week and months. Mr. Lykketoft noted that he was inspired by the interest the public has shown in this selection process, with more than 227,000 people from 209 different countries and territories having visited his website. 

* * * 

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC PASSES 'CRITICAL MILESTONE' TOWARDS LASTING PEACE – UN PEACEKEEPING CHIEF 

Expectations are high for the Central African Republic's new Government to restore durable peace and improve people's living conditions, the United Nations peacekeeping chief said today, stressing that the first hundred days will be decisive. 

Briefing the Security Council, UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Hervé Ladsous noted that the country formally ended its political transition with Faustin Archange Touadéra sworn in as President on 30 March. 

"The promulgation of the new constitution by the outgoing Head of State of the Transition on the day of the inauguration symbolized a return to constitutional order and marked an important milestone after three years of crisis," he said. 

On 31 March, the country held the second round of legislative elections. The final results of this round were announced on 5 April, and the President has since moved quickly on the formation of a new Government. 

The new cabinet is leaner than the previous one, with some 23 ministerial posts, including four women and four members of the Muslim community. While the new government includes representatives from all 16 prefectures, no armed group representatives are among the new cabinet members, he said. 

The new President vowed publicly to respect the newly-promulgated Constitution – including the two term limit for presidential mandates – and work towards national unity. "The President shared with me that his priorities for the country would be to re-establish security and to further reconciliation, economic and social development and good governance," said Mr. Ladsous. 

Exemplary local reconciliation processes underway 

The Muslim and Christian communities in Bangui's Boeing neighbourhood, which recently experienced recurring cycles of inter-communal violence, are now engaged in exemplary local reconciliation processes, supported by the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA). 

Such important efforts provide the foundation for long-lasting peace for all throughout the country and showcase once again the resilience of the Central African people and their desire for peace and unity. 

"The Central African Republic has passed a critical milestone," Mr. Ladsous said, noting the importance of building on the positive momentum created by the electoral process. The establishment of a lasting peace and stability would require making rapid progress in disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and repatriation, reforming the security sector and improve access to justice. 

Positive developments overshadowed by sexual misconducts 

"Sadly, these positive developments in the country have again been overshadowed by allegations of misconduct and sexual exploitation and abuse by MINUSCA and international forces," he said. 

The UN stands firmly behind the victims that showed courage in coming forward and continue to work to ensure that they receive the assistance and justice they deserve, he said. 

With MINUSCA's mandate set to expire on 30 April, the Secretary-General has recommended a technical roll-over of its mandate to allow the Secretariat to fully consult the new Central African authorities before making recommendations to the Security Council for the missions new operating procedures, he noted. 


* * * 

UN REPORT URGES RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO REDUCE HIV INFECTIONS AMONG DRUG USERS 

Ahead of next week's General Assembly special session on drugs, the United Nations agency leading the world's HIV/AIDS response has released a new report, which warns that many countries are failing to reduce new HIV infections due to the absence of health- and rights-based approaches, particularly as regards drug use. 

The report, Do no harm: health, human rights and people who use drugs, which was issued by the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), shows that between 2010 and 2014, the failure of many countries to adopt people-centred approaches resulted in no reduction in the global number of new HIV infections among people who inject drugs. 

And the world missed the General Assembly's target set in 2011 to reduce HIV transmission among people who inject drugs by 50 per cent by 2015. 

"Business as usual is clearly getting us nowhere," said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS. "The world must learn the lessons of the past 15 years, following the example of countries that have reversed their HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs by adopting harm reduction approaches that prioritize people's health and human rights." 

Those countries included China, Iran, Kenya, Moldova and Portugal. 


Recommendations 
The report also presents the evidence base for five policy recommendations and 10 operational recommendations that countries should apply to turn around their HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs. These include the implementation of harm reduction programmes to scale and the decriminalization of the consumption and possession of drugs for personal use. 

Data demonstrate that countries implementing health- and rights-based approaches have reduced new HIV infections among people who inject drugs. 

In other countries, strategies based on criminalization and aggressive law enforcement have created barriers to harm reduction while having little or no impact on the number of people who use drugs. 

Imprisoning people for the consumption and possession of drugs for personal use also increases their vulnerability to HIV and other infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and tuberculosis, while incarcerated. 


Health is human right 
"Health is a human right," said Mr Sidibé. "Investment in people-centred policies and programmes for people who use drugs is the crucial foundation for a global drugs policy that not only saves lives but is also cost-effective." 

The UNAIDS Fast-Track approach has a set of targets for 2020 that include reducing new HIV infections to fewer than 500,000. It also calls on countries to ensure that 90 per cent of the more than 12 million people who inject drugs worldwide have access to combination HIV prevention services, including needle–syringe programmes, opioid substitution therapy, condoms and access to counselling, care, testing and treatment services for tuberculosis and bloodborne viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. 

Achieving these targets will be a significant step towards ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. 

The UN General Assembly's speical session on the world drug problem will run at Headquarters from 19 to 21 April. 


* * * 

ZIKA: UN HEALTH AGENCY LAUNCHES DATABASE ON WORLDWIDE VIRUS RESEARCH 

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) have launched a new Zika Research Projects List, a database that lists and categorizes all scientific studies on the Zika virus worldwide. 

In a press release, the agencies said that PAHO has systematically identified and collected basic information on all investigations related to Zika, both those already published and those on track to be published. The database includes the title, authors, and a direct link to the article. 

Each study has been categorized in the areas of virus, vectors and reservoirs; epidemiology; disease pathogenesis and consequences of Zika infection; clinical management; public health interventions; health systems and services response; research and product development; and causality. 

Users can also search the database by publication type: published articles, protocol and publication of preliminary results. 

The agencies said the search mechanism was created after a group of experts from around the world met in March to discuss a regional agenda to prioritize and coordinate research on Zika. At that meeting, researchers concluded that efforts must be increased to explore unknown factors about microcephaly and other congenital malformations that may be linked to infection by the Zika virus. 

Experts analyzed and mapped the gaps in scientific knowledge about the virus, how it affects people, its implications for public health in the Americas, and the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector that transmits the disease, the agencies said. 

To date, Zika virus is circulating in 34 countries and territories in the Americas. It is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito, and now has been found to be sexually transmitted. Zika has been associated with congenital malformations such as microcephaly, and neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. 


* * * 

UNICEF, WORLD BANK URGE GREATER INVESTMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT 

The heads of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank Group are jointly urging global and national leaders to step up action and investments in nutrition and early childhood development programmes as a critical foundation for equitable development and economic growth. 

The two organizations said in a press release that they have established a new alliance that aims to make early childhood development a global policy, programming and public spending priority, to give all young children access to quality services that improve their health, nutrition, learning ability and emotional well-being. 

Advances in neuroscience and recent economic studies show that early childhood experiences have a profound impact on brain development and on subsequent learning, health, and adult earnings. Children who are poorly nourished and nurtured, or those who do not receive early stimulation, are likely to learn less in school and earn less as adults. 


Childhood stunting is a development and economic emergency 
Globally, millions of children under the age of five are at risk of never reaching their full developmental potential. One out of four children under five (159 million) are stunted due to poor nutrition, with numbers significantly higher in parts of Africa and South Asia. Nearly half of all three- to six-year-olds don't have access to pre-primary education. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 80 per cent are not enrolled in pre-primary programmes. 

"The time has come to treat childhood stunting as a development and an economic emergency," said World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim, noting that countries cannot compete in a more digitalized global economy in the future if a third or more of their children are stunted. 

"Our failure to make the right investments in early childhood development is condemning millions of children to lives of exclusion," he said, adding: "We can't promise to equalize development outcomes, but we can insist on equalizing opportunity." 


Stress can inhibit brain development 
Emerging scientific evidence also shows that prolonged exposure to adversity, such as that experienced by children growing up in countries affected by conflict or households affected by domestic violence, can cause toxic stress, a condition that can also inhibit peak brain development in early childhood. 

"What we are learning about all the elements that affect the development of children's brains, whether their bodies are well nourished, whether their minds are stimulated, whether they are protected from violence, is already changing the way we think about early childhood development," said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. "Now it must change the way we act." 

A 20-year study in Jamaica showed that disadvantaged young children who were exposed to high-quality early stimulation interventions as infants and toddlers earned up to 25 per cent higher wages as adults, equivalent to adults who grew up in wealthier households. 

Early childhood development is also an investment in economic growth. Evidence suggests that an additional dollar invested in quality early childhood development programmes yields a return of between $6 and $17. 


Early childhood development included in global development goals 
Recognizing the growing understanding of ECD's importance, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted last year by UN Member States, include an early childhood development target, the first time it has been explicitly included in global development goals. The target is to increase the percentage of children under five years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being. 

Although early childhood development falls under Goal 4 of the SDGs, it provides a natural link to other goals, including poverty reduction, health and nutrition, women and girls' equality, and ending violence. 


* * * 

UN AGENCY BOOSTS EFFORTS TO DETECT AND PREVENT SPREAD OF DAMAGING WHEAT RUSTS 

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said today it is expanding a partnership to inhibit the ongoing spread of wheat rusts, a group of fungal plant diseases that block the production of the staple grain and other crops, which is raising concern in Central Asia and the Middle East. 

As part of its efforts, the UN agency is developing its collaboration with the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas and the University of Aarhus' Global Rust Reference Centre to provide training on surveillance, resistance and management. 

Country surveys and sample analysis are also planned to better understand and manage the spread of the menace to wheat production – which, in addition to Central Asia and the Middle East is posing a threat in the world's major wheat-producing areas. 

"Under conducive conditions, up to 80 per cent or more of a farmer's yield can be lost due to rust infections, so building countries' capacity to detect them and better understand the ways the various strains of the disease spread is crucial to preventing epidemics and limiting losses," said Fazil Dusunceli, a Plant Protection Officer at FAO, in a press release. 

A highly mobile plant killer 
Wheat rust comes in three types – yellow, stem and leaf rusts – with yellow and stem rusts spreading widely in recent years. The rusts have the capacity to turn a healthy looking crop that is only weeks away from harvest into a tangle of yellow leaves or black stems and shrivelled grains at harvest. 

The plant plague is highly mobile, spreading rapidly over large distances by wind, and can wreak havoc on crops if not tackled properly when first detected. 

The most well-known strain is Ug99, a highly potent form of stem rust first detected in Uganda in 1999 and which has since spread to 13 countries, some as far as Yemen and Iran. It has the potential to affect the majority of wheat varieties grown worldwide. Most recently it has been detected in Egypt, one of the Middle East's most important wheat producers, the UN agency said. 

Also cause for concern is a new strain of yellow rust, called Warrior, which has made its way from northern Europe to Turkey, affecting various countries along the way. 

Building countries' capacity to counter the threat 
FAO said that along with the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas and Turkey's General Directorate of Agricultural Research International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, it is collaborating with the University of Aarhus and the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative to train plant protection officers at a 10-day workshop starting this week in Izmir, Turkey. 

Twenty-two officers from nine Central Asian and Near East countries with known cases of wheat rusts will be trained on rust surveillance, resistance and management during the workshop. 

Once back in their countries, the officers will survey fields and send samples to University of Aarhus in Denmark, where they will be analyzed to determine how far and how quickly various strains of the disease are spreading. 

Early action is essential to containing the spread of wheat rust, and planting resistant cultivars or timely fungicide sprays can prevent crops from catching the disease in the first place. But procuring these seeds in advance and getting a fungicide distribution chain up and running can be an issue, especially in developing countries, FAO said. 

In addition to Central Asia and the Middle East, FAO said it is also engaging with countries across Eastern Africa, where new strains of stem rust have been detected in Ethiopia and Kenya, to develop a comprehensive regional response. This includes supporting surveillance and building capacity in Eritrea and Ethiopia to facilitate rapid responses to newly detected strains. 

* * * 

RIGHTS EXPERTS URGE UN TO COMPENSATE DISPLACED ROMA POISONED IN CAMPS IN KOSOVO 

Two United Nations independent experts today called on the world body to hold the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) accountable for leaving Roma families exposed to lead poisoning in camps for those internally displaced in the territory.

The Human Rights Advisory Panel of UNMIK, established in 2006 to examine complaints of alleged human rights violation committed by the Mission, made their opinion public last week. 

A press release issued by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) recalled that during 1998 and 1999, thousands of Roma were forced to flee by the armed conflict between the Serbian forces and the Kosovo Liberation Army and other Kosovo Albanian armed groups. Many became internally displaced persons (IDPs) or refugees in neighbouring countries and in Europe. 

IDP camps were established in the late 1990s close to the Trepca mining and smelting complex, known to be the cause of lead contamination and other forms of toxic contamination of the surrounding areas since the 1970s. The camps, which were intended to provide only temporary accommodation up to 90 days, were in place for several years. The opinion of the Panel highlights the extremely poor conditions of the camps, as its inhabitants often lacked running water, electricity, heating, adequate healthcare or access to food. 

"I have been following this case since the beginning," said the UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues, Rita Izsák-Ndiaye. "It is disheartening that in the meantime lives, had been lost and many had suffered serious health consequences." 

OHCHR noted that this case was brought up in 2008 by a group of 138 members of the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities in Kosovo who were initially placed in three IDP camps – Žitkovac, Èesmin Lug and Kablare – after the Roma Mahala (neighbourhood) had been destroyed in South Mitrovica in 1999. 

"I am glad that justice is being now delivered to one of the most deprived communities who had to suffer conflict, displacement and negligence," the human rights expert added. "The opinion of the UN Panel expresses a breach of international obligations by the UNMIK and I hope that the UN will see it as an important opportunity to hold itself accountable." 

The Panel recommends UNMIK to publicly acknowledge, including through the media, its failure to comply with applicable human rights standards in response to the adverse health condition caused by lead contamination in the IDP camps, and to compensate victims for both material and moral damage. 

The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Chaloka Beyani, who visited the affected families in North Mitrovica in October 2013, stated: "I hope that a public apology will be made to the complainants and their families and that swift action will be taken to provide redress to victims, to demonstrate that the UN does fully promote and ensure respect for human rights of all, particularly those of internally displaced persons involved." 

He also welcomed the Panel advice that its findings and recommendations on this case be shared with UN bodies working with refugees and IDPs as a guarantee of non-repetition. 

The Panel's opinion recognizes that despite the fact that UNMIK had commissioned a report in 2000 which found extremely elevated blood lead levels of the affected community members living in the IDP camps, UNMIK did not make the report public and failed to take sufficient action to address the risks of lead exposure in the camps. 

According to the Panel, the World Health Organization (WHO) had warned in 2004 about the chronic irreversible effects of lead on the human body, urging UNMIK to immediately evacuate children and pregnant women from the camps, but no submission or documentation was provided by UNMIK indicating what specific actions were taken in response to WHO's findings and recommendations. 

The experts' appeal has also been endorsed by the UN Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, Baskut Tuncak, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Dainius Pûras. 

Independent experts or special rapporteurs are appointed by the Geneva-based Human Rights Council to examine and report back on a country situation or a specific human rights theme. The positions are honorary and the experts are not UN staff, nor are they paid for their work. 


* * * 

UN AGENCY AND GOOGLE COLLABORATE ON SATELLITE DATA TOOLS TO MANAGE NATURAL RESOURCES 

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Google today announced plans to work together to make high-resolution satellite data a common tool in managing the world's natural resources, ultimately boosting efforts towards the pursuit of sustainable development. 

Under the collaboration, the UN agency said that resource managers and researchers in many countries can gauge changing land uses of individual field-sized plots seen by "eye-in-the-sky" satellites, thereby improving abilities to assess a landscape's carbon storage capacity or plan a nation's approach to greenhouse gas emissions. 

The agency and Google are "ushering in an unprecedented level of environmental literacy," said FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva in a press release. 

The initial focus of the collaboration is in the forestry sector, where FAO said that national experts can, after a short training, use its software and Google's accessible geospatial data archives to conduct – in a few hours – mapping and classification exercises that used to take weeks or months. 

For example, easily accessible and rapidly updated remote sensing data enable a shift in forest management from inventory reports to taking the almost real-time pulse of forests, thus opening a host of new policy prospects and further opening the doors of scientific perception, the agency said. 

FAO stressed that opportunities for future collaboration are "vast," and may lead to innovation in a range of issues from dietary nutrition and pest control to water management and climate change. 

"The more people involved, the better it works," said Mr. Graziano da Silva. "Understanding the effects of climate change, planning the improvements in the efficiency of production and distribution of food, and monitoring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals require more frequent and precise data on the environment and its changes," he added. 


Using technology to change future generations 
FAO said that the combination – in which Google makes data and processing power easily accessible while FAO devises ways to extract useful information – has already moved into innovative territory, notably with a Global Dryland Assessment, in which national experts, university researchers, partner institutions and FAO combined forces in an open-sourced exercise. Results will be published later this year. 
"Partnerships like this bring our products into actual use," said Rebecca Moore, Director of Google Earth, Earth Engine and Earth Outreach. 

The partnership with FAO is a way "we can each bring our unique strengths to make a change for future generations," she said. 

FAO's Locust Control Unit has used Earth Engine to improve forecasts and control of desert locust outbreaks. Satellites cannot detect the dreaded insects themselves, but can accelerate identification of potential breeding areas and make ground interventions more effective. 

Other prospective applications for the technology may reduce crop losses yields and enhance plant health. Forest cover monitoring has proven useful in Costa Rica, as trees provide habitat for birds that predate on the coffee berry borer beetle, which can ravage up to 75 per cent of a coffee farmer's crop. 

Further innovative uses will emerge as more people learn how to use FAO's Open Foris and CollectEarth tools. In late May, a team from NASA, the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration, will be visiting Rome to study how to use these tools, FAO said. 


Seeing both the forest and the trees 
Satellite imagery cannot replace the local knowledge and expertise – often dubbed "ground truth" – but it can boost the efficiency, quality, transparency, credibility and, above all, the timeliness and efficacy of data collection and the validation of existing global mapping products. 

For example, by zooming in to highly granular local plots, researchers and officials may distinguish between temporary loss of tree cover due to harvesting and deforestation driven by land use change, an important technical difference in terms of carbon sequestration. By the same token, citizens may be able to make more efficient use of their natural resources and even police their misuse. 

"We will be able to provide, every 10 days, forest assessments and in the near future food crop cover assessments, which are especially important in times of climate change," said René Castro, FAO's Assistant Director General for Forestry. 

This past December, FAO and Google Maps agreed to work together, under a three-year partnership, to make geospatial tracking and mapping products more accessible, providing a high-technology assist to countries tackling climate change and much greater capacity to experts developing forest and land-use policies. 


* * * 

'REFUGEES HAVE A RIGHT TO ASYLUM – NOT BIAS AND BARBED WIRE,' BAN SAYS IN WASHINGTON 

As the world faces the biggest refugee and displacement crisis of our time, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon today reiterated a call to leaders across Europe and throughout the world to show greater solidarity as they strive to combat the deeper roots of conflict and continue to work towards securing human rights for all. 

Arriving in Washington, D.C., this morning to attend the annual spring meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group, the UN chief participated in an event on the development challenges of forced displacement. 

Recalling his visit in March with World Bank President Jim Yong Kim to the Middle East region, including Jordan and Lebanon, Mr. Ban said they heard the stories of thousands of refugees, and he was "deeply moved, especially by the dreams and resolve of the young people." 

"Above all, this is not just a crisis of numbers – it is also a crisis of solidarity," Mr. Ban said. 

The Secretary-General also underscored that today's internal displacement and refugee crises are signs of deeper challenges that must be resolved – from Syria to Afghanistan to South Sudan. 

To that end, he will be convening the first-ever World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul next month to provide a platform "to put a focus on root causes and prevention, to bridge the gap between humanitarian and development assistance, and to improve our global response to forced displacement." 

The World Humanitarian Summit will fuel "much-needed momentum" for the Summit on Addressing Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants, which is scheduled in the UN General Assembly for 19 September. 

Mr. Ban also stressed that world leaders must recognize that today's internal displacement and refugee crises are signs of deeper challenges, and show greater solidarity not just through relief, but through resettlement and other legal pathways. 

"Refugees have a right to asylum – not bias and barbed wire," he said. 

Noting that he, too, was once a displaced person, Mr. Ban also emphasized that refugees bring new skills and dynamism into aging workforces, and are "famously devoted" to education and self-reliance. 

"When managed properly, accepting refugees is a win for everyone," he said. "Demonizing them is not only morally wrong, it is factually wrong," he added. 

The Secretary-General also spoke at the Inaugural Assembly Meeting of the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition, which brings together multilateral organizations, governments and the private sector. 

He emphasized that it is essential for multilateral financial institutions and the private sector to provide the policy instruments and resources needed to support the transformation to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. 

"Markets must play a central role in managing climate risks," the UN chief said. "We must put a price on pollution, and provide incentives to accelerate a low carbon pathway." 

Market prices, market indices and investment portfolios can no longer continue to ignore the growing cost of unsustainable production and consumption behaviours on the health of our planet, he said. 

Hailing the Inaugural Assembly as an "important step" in consolidating the gains made in the Paris Agreement, the Secretary-General said he was "very encouraged" to see that businesses view carbon pricing as an efficient, cost-effective means of reducing emissions. 

"Momentum is building. However, we must ensure the provision of timely and meaningful assistance to developing and vulnerable countries for their mitigation efforts. Promises made must be kept," Mr. Ban said. 

"Greater international cooperation is vital for building a low-carbon, climate resilient world," he added. 


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-“The enemies of Freedom do not argue ; they shout and they shoot.”

The principal key root causes that lead to the Rwandan genocide of 1994 that affected all Rwandan ethnic groups were:

1)The majority Hutu community’s fear of the return of the discriminatory monarchy system that was practiced by the minority Tutsi community against the enslaved majority Hutu community for about 500 years

2)The Hutu community’s fear of Kagame’s guerrilla that committed massacres in the North of the country and other parts of the countries including assassinations of Rwandan politicians.

3) The Rwandan people felt abandoned by the international community ( who was believed to support Kagame’s guerrilla) and then decided to defend themselves with whatever means they had against the advance of Kagame’ guerrilla supported by Ugandan, Tanzanian and Ethiopian armies and other Western powers.

-“The enemies of Freedom do not argue ; they shout and they shoot.”

-“The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

-“The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”

-“I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.”

The Rwanda war of 1990-1994 had multiple dimensions.

The Rwanda war of 1990-1994 had multiple dimensions. Among Kagame’s rebels who were fighting against the Rwandan government, there were foreigners, mainly Ugandan fighters who were hired to kill and rape innocent Rwandan people in Rwanda and refugees in DRC.

READ MORE RECENT NEWS AND OPINIONS

SUMMARY : THE TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE BRITISH BUDGET SUPPORT AND GEO-STRATEGIC AMBITIONS

United Kingdom's Proxy Wars in Africa: The Case of Rwanda and DR Congo:

The Rwandan genocide and 6,000,000 Congolese and Hutu refugees killed are the culminating point of a long UK’s battle to expand their influence to the African Great Lakes Region. UK supported Kagame’s guerrilla war by providing military support and money. The UK refused to intervene in Rwanda during the genocide to allow Kagame to take power by military means that triggered the genocide. Kagame’s fighters and their families were on the Ugandan payroll paid by UK budget support.


· 4 Heads of State assassinated in the francophone African Great Lakes Region.
· 2,000,000 people died in Hutu and Tutsi genocides in Rwanda, Burundi and RD.Congo.
· 600,000 Hutu refugees killed in R.D.Congo, Uganda, Central African Republic and Rep of Congo.
· 6,000,000 Congolese dead.
· 8,000,000 internal displaced people in Rwanda, Burundi and DR. Congo.
· 500,000 permanent Rwandan and Burundian Hutu refugees, and Congolese refugees around the world.
· English language expansion to Rwanda to replace the French language.
· 20,000 Kagame’s fighters paid salaries from the British Budget Support from 1986 to present.
· £500,000 of British taxpayer’s money paid, so far, to Kagame and his cronies through the budget support, SWAPs, Tutsi-dominated parliament, consultancy, British and Tutsi-owned NGOs.
· Kagame has paid back the British aid received to invade Rwanda and to strengthen his political power by joining the East African Community together with Burundi, joining the Commonwealth, imposing the English Language to Rwandans to replace the French language; helping the British to establish businesses and to access to jobs in Rwanda, and to exploit minerals in D.R.Congo.



Thousands of Hutu murdered by Kagame inside Rwanda, e.g. Kibeho massacres

Thousands of Hutu murdered by Kagame inside Rwanda, e.g. Kibeho massacres
Kagame killed 200,000 Hutus from all regions of the country, the elderly and children who were left by their relatives, the disabled were burned alive. Other thousands of people were killed in several camps of displaced persons including Kibeho camp. All these war crimes remain unpunished.The British news reporters were accompanying Kagame’s fighters on day-by-day basis and witnessed these massacres, but they never reported on this.

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Download Documents from Amnesty International

25,000 Hutu bodies floated down River Akagera into Lake Victoria in Uganda.

25,000  Hutu bodies  floated down River Akagera into Lake Victoria in Uganda.
The British irrational, extremist, partisan,biased, one-sided media and politicians have disregarded Kagame war crimes e.g. the Kibeho camp massacres, massacres of innocents Hutu refugees in DR. Congo. The British media have been supporting Kagame since he invaded Rwanda by organising the propaganda against the French over the Rwandan genocide, suppressing the truth about the genocide and promoting the impunity of Kagame and his cronies in the African Great Lakes Region. For the British, Rwanda does not need democracy, Rwanda is the African Israel; and Kagame and his guerilla fighters are heroes.The extremist British news reporters including Fergal Keane, Chris Simpson, Chris McGreal, Mark Doyle, etc. continue to hate the Hutus communities and to polarise the Rwandan society.

Kagame political ambitions triggered the genocide.

Kagame  political  ambitions triggered the genocide.
Kagame’s guerrilla war was aimed at accessing to power at any cost. He rejected all attempts and advice that could stop his military adventures including the cease-fire, political negotiations and cohabitation, and UN peacekeeping interventions. He ignored all warnings that could have helped him to manage the war without tragic consequences. Either you supported Kagame’ s wars and you are now his friend, or you were against his wars and you are his enemy. Therefore, Kagame as the Rwandan strong man now, you have to apologise to him for having been against his war and condemned his war crimes, or accept to be labelled as having been involved in the genocide. All key Kagame’s fighters who committed war crimes and crimes against humanity are the ones who hold key positions in Rwandan army and government for the last 15 years. They continue to be supported and advised by the British including Tony Blair, Andrew Mitchell MP, and the British army senior officials.

Aid that kills: The British Budget Support financed Museveni and Kagame’s wars in Rwanda and DRC.

Aid that kills: The British Budget Support  financed Museveni and Kagame’s wars in Rwanda and DRC.
Genocide propaganda and fabrications are used by the so-called British scholars, news reporters and investigative journalists to promote their CVs and to get income out of the genocide through the selling of their books, providing testimonies against the French, access to consultancy contracts from the UN and Kagame, and participation in conferences and lectures in Rwanda, UK and internationally about genocide. Genocide propaganda has become a lucrative business for Kagame and the British. Anyone who condemned or did not support Kagame’s war is now in jail in Rwanda under the gacaca courts system suuported by British tax payer's money, or his/she is on arrest warrant if he/she managed to flee the Kagame’s regime. Others have fled the country and are still fleeing now. Many others Rwandans are being persecuted in their own country. Kagame is waiting indefinitely for the apologies from other players who warn him or who wanted to help to ensure that political negotiations take place between Kagame and the former government he was fighting against. Britain continues to supply foreign aid to Kagame and his cronies with media reports highlighting economic successes of Rwanda. Such reports are flawed and are aimed at misleading the British public to justify the use of British taxpayers’ money. Kagame and his cronies continue to milk British taxpayers’ money under the British budget support. This started from 1986 through the British budget support to Uganda until now.

Dictator Kagame: No remorse for his unwise actions and ambitions that led to the Rwandan genocide.

Dictator Kagame: No remorse for his unwise actions and ambitions that led to the  Rwandan genocide.
No apologies yet to the Rwandan people. The assassination of President Juvenal Habyarimana by Kagame was the only gateway for Kagame to access power in Rwanda. The British media, politicians, and the so-called British scholars took the role of obstructing the search for the truth and justice; and of denying this assassination on behalf of General Kagame. General Paul Kagame has been obliging the whole world to apologise for his mistakes and war crimes. The UK’s way to apologise has been pumping massive aid into Rwanda's crony government and parliement; and supporting Kagame though media campaigns.

Fanatical, partisan, suspicious, childish and fawning relations between UK and Kagame

Fanatical, partisan, suspicious, childish and fawning relations between UK and Kagame
Kagame receives the British massive aid through the budget support, British excessive consultancy, sector wide programmes, the Tutsi-dominated parliament, British and Tutsi-owned NGOs; for political, economic and English language expansion to Rwanda. The British aid to Rwanda is not for all Rwandans. It is for Kagame himself and his Tutsi cronies.

Paul Kagame' actvities as former rebel

Africa

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This blog reports the crimes that remain unpunished and the impunity that has generated a continuous cycle of massacres in many parts of Africa. In many cases, the perpetrators of the crimes seem to have acted in the knowledge that they would not be held to account for their actions.

The need to fight this impunity has become even clearer with the massacres and genocide in many parts of Africa and beyond.

The blog also addresses issues such as Rwanda War Crimes, Rwandan Refugee massacres in Dr Congo, genocide, African leaders’ war crimes and crimes against humanity, Africa war criminals, Africa crimes against humanity, Africa Justice.

-The British relentless and long running battle to become the sole player and gain new grounds of influence in the francophone African Great Lakes Region has led to the expulsion of other traditional players from the region, or strained diplomatic relations between the countries of the region and their traditional friends. These new tensions are even encouraged by the British using a variety of political and economic manoeuvres.

-General Kagame has been echoing the British advice that Rwanda does not need any loan or aid from Rwandan traditional development partners, meaning that British aid is enough to solve all Rwandan problems.

-The British obsession for the English Language expansion has become a tyranny that has led to genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, dictatorial regimes, human rights violations, mass killings, destruction of families, communities and cultures, permanent refugees and displaced persons in the African Great Lakes region.


- Rwanda, a country that is run by a corrupt clique of minority-tutsi is governed with institutional discrmination, human rights violations, dictatorship, authoritarianism and autocracy, as everybody would expect.